Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
boundaries
|
Structural fam ther: emotional barrier protecting individuals within a system
|
|
circular questions
|
Questions that focus on the relationship instead of individuals. For example, instead of "how do you feel about that?" Ask "What Jane feels depressed, how does Tarzan feel?"
|
|
differentiation of the self
|
Bowen: psych separation of intellect and emotions; independncy of self from others. Greater one's differentiation, better able to avoid dysfunctional patterns of family
|
|
directives
|
Specific instructions from therapist to clients: do this, do that. Part of structural and strategic therapies
|
|
disengagement
|
Minuchin: fam org. characterized by pscy. Isolation resulting from rigid boundaries.
|
|
enactments
|
Structural fam ther: intervention: family plays out relationship pattern so ther can observe and change transactions that make up the family structure.
|
|
enmeshment
|
Minuchin: fam structure where psych boundaries a blurred, making autonomy difficult to achieve
|
|
family mapping
|
Another term for Adler's "family constellation"
|
|
family structure
|
Functional org. of fam, determines interactional patterns among members
|
|
family subsystems
|
Part of Internal family systems (or individual systems). Some parts are good, some are bad. In structural approach (Minuchin) therapist gets involved to change these structures.
|
|
genogram
|
Schematic of fam system. Usually at least 3 generations; used to ID recurring behavior patterns within fam.
|
|
identified client
|
Fam member who carries the symptom for a family and who is Ided by fam as person with problem. In genograms, this person is the index person.
|
|
joining
|
Structural fam ther: accomodating to a family's system to help the members change dysfunctional patterns
|
|
Multigenerational Family Therapy
|
Murray Bowen's theory. Look at patterns of fam of origin. 2 Key ideas: differentiation of self and triangulation. Predictable pattenrs of relationships connects fam members across generations. Fam as emotional unit: unresolved emotional fusion must be addressed to obtain mature/unique personality.
|
|
paradoxical interventions
|
Strategic fam ther technique: ther directs fam members to continue symptomatic behavior. Change occurs through defying the directive.
|
|
reframing
|
Relabeling fam description of behavior by putting it into new and more positive perspective
|
|
Strategic Family Therapy
|
Ter approach where ther develops a specific plan and designs interventions to solve fams presenting problems
|
|
Structural Family Therapy
|
Ther approach aimed to change organization of fam to modify dysfunctional patterns and clarify boundaries
|
|
triangulation
|
Triads result in 2 again 1 experience. A is frustrated with B, but instead of talking to B, lets it out to C, who then brings it back to B.
|
|
View of human nature
|
Must see client within fam system
Lots theories of change and intervention All parts of system must be addressed to make changes |
|
View or source of problems:
|
Problem behavior may:
1 a) Serve a function/purpose for family b) Unintentionally maintained by family processes c) Be a function of family’s inability to operate productively, esp during developmental transitions d) Symptom of dysfunctional patterns handed down acros generations. |
|
8 Lenses
|
Internal family systems
Sequences Organization of System Developmental Multicultural Gender Teleological Process metaframework |
|
Internal family systems (or individual systems?) lens
|
Richard Schwartz first
Individual is organismic system: strucutuesd, organized, subsystems. Some parts good, some bad. Physical, cognitive, emotional, social, spiritual Come from social interactions/developmental experiences Evaluative: declare something who were are Polarized and extreme parts cause internal conflict |
|
Sequences (or patterns of interaction) lens
|
Levels 1-4
Adaptations of systems need good leadership |
|
Level 1 Sequence (Face to Face)
|
two or more fam members face to face
Father confronts daughter daughter enacts hurt Mother rescues daughter |
|
Level 2 Sequence (Routines)
|
Supports fam function. Routine. Usually daily.
Individual roles support smooth process. If one role stops or breaks down, whole system must ajust |
|
Level 3 sequence: Ebbs and flows
|
Account for family adjustment to outside forces, or big changes (ie. Leaving home)
Kid leaves home, no longer distracts couple from relationship problems Huge conflict, divorce threatened. Child becomes symptomatic at school, returns home. Parental conflict disappears. If level 1 and 2 are good, 3 usually also good. |
|
Level 4: Transgenerational
|
Larger system values, rules about gender, etc. Give sense of continuity to life.
Adaptations needs good leadership. |
|
Organization of systems lens
|
Rules, routines, rituals, expected roles, etc. Used to be called hierarchy.
Hierarchy repla ced with leadership. Parents need to lead out in mutual relationship, organize system in useful, clear ways. Firm, but firnedly. As kids get older, shift to become more egalitatrian. Effectively led fams have children with sense of safety, room to grow, and belief they are valued. |
|
Developmental lens
|
Six significant transitions in traditional fam. model (now similar sets for every fam. model)
YSA leaves home Individuals marry / cohabit to build life together Couple has children Children become adolescents Parents launch children into the world and prepare themselves to live without children Fam reaches later years where children may have to care for parents as well as their own children, and parents prepare for end of their lives. Fam thers look for constraints and seek to remove them so natural growth possible again. |
|
Multicultural lens
|
Dominant culture: two immediate goals:
Reinforces self and values Minimizes power of alternative positions This power base produces discrimination. Multicult lens challenges dominant culture. Intros diversity to understanding of the human condition. Challenges the idea that there is a Western norm to which others hould aspire. Intracu and intercultural experiences. (within a culture and between cultures) respectively. Intercultural experiences based on commonalities of experience across several cultures. |
|
Gender lens
|
Oldest discrimation is against women.
Feminists have challenged the idea that family is good for women. Woman more likely to sacrifice self for good of the whole Fam ther has reconsidred many central tenets. Advocacy stance: responsibility to challenge unequal status and treatment of women. Hierarchy, enmeshment, unbalancing being replaced with leadership, connection conversation and collaboration. |
|
Teleological/goal oriented lens
|
What motivates individual behavior.
Syustemic purpose of symptoms Goals of trangulation Uses of patterned interactions. Reframing: putting what is known into new, more useful perspective. Helps to note motivation behind behavior. What purpose does this symptom/process serve? How does this behavior protect the self? |
|
Process metaframework
|
What is happening between people: process of communication.
Process questions: What is fam doing with time in ther? What are fam members experiencing? What amd I experiencing with each? What place does my informed and educated intuition have in this therapeutic process? What is my best use of self with this family? What is happening right now? |
|
{rimary characteristics
|
a) Individuals best understood through assessing interaction w/ fam.
b) Symptoms are habits within family c) One common thread: client is connected to living systems d) Change requires considering family/relationship as a whole e) Becvar and Becvar say “relationship therapy” is a more appropriate label. f) Does not preclude dealing with internal problems |
|
Two powerful points:
|
c) Systems therapists see the family as more powerful than the therapist.
d) Depression may signal both individual’s pain and the unexpressed pain of the family. |
|
Therapy Goals (differs by system)
|
i. Some common goals, but mostly decided on by therapist and family together
ii. Global goals: a) Intervening to enable individuals and families and relief distress. |
|
Role of therapist (differs by system)
|
a) Integrative approach: look at fam from lots perspectives: sollboratively work out with fam. Processes that will lead to change.
|
|
Major techniques: MOVEMENTS of systems therapists
|
Usually, several sessions per movement. Sometimes, all four withing single session
Forming relationship Conducting assessment Hypothesizing and sharing meaning Facilitating change |