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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the definition of emotion regulation by thompson? |
extrinsic and intrinsic processes responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional reactions, especially their intensive and temporal features, to accomplish one's goal |
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What is gross's definition of emotion regulation? |
emotion regulation includes all of the conscious and unconscious strategies that we use to increase, maintain, or decrease one or more components of the emotional responses |
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what is the prof's view of emotion regulation? |
- the occurence, form, intensity, or duration of internal feelings states, emotion related physiological states, and/or behavioral concomitants of emotion to accomplish emotion- related biological or social adaptation or achieving individual goals |
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what does down regulating positive emotions look like? |
reducing excitement, enthusiasm, temper |
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what does down regulating negative emotions look like? |
overcoming sadness, or anger |
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what does upregulating positive emotions look like? |
capitalizing on positive experiences with others |
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what does upregulating negative emotions look like? |
increasing anxiety or fear |
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How did Gross view emotion regulation strategies? |
as being on a linear line, in different times along the course of your emotional experience you can engage in different strategies to regulate your emotions |
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what are the two main time points of emotion regulation strategies? |
- antecedent focused emotion regulation - response focused emotion regulation |
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what are four types of antecedent focused emotion regulation in order? |
- situation selection - situation modification - attentional deployment - cognitive change (ex: reappraisal) - response modulation (ex: suppression) |
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describe a study by Gross that compared the effects of the supprsion strategy to the reappraisal strategy |
diff conditions were thhey were given diff instructions to regulate their emotins when watching the disgusting movie the suppression group showed higher sympathetic nervous system arousal than the other two groups |
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Gross did 5 studies that tested two general hypothesises, what are these 2 hypothesises: |
- people differ in their use of emotion regulation strategies of reappraisal and suppression - these differences are related to different outcomes in social, wellbeing, and emotional |
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what does the emotion regulation questionnaire look at? |
they are looking at people's general tendencies to use these different startegies of reappraisal and surpression |
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in the first study they found that reappraisal was: |
related to greater positive emotional experiences less negative emotional experiences more positive emotional expression less negative emotional expression greater interpersonal functioning greater wellbeing |
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in this first study they found that suppression was: |
related to less positive emotional experience, no impact or greater negative emotional experiences less expression of positive emotions less expression of negative emotions less interpersonal functioning less wellbeing |
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what were the gender differnces they found in study 1: |
- men reported greater suppression than women - there was no gender differences for the reappraisal strategy |
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what was the finding for ethnicity in study 1? |
- the white sample used less suppression than any of the other ethnic groups (latino, asian, black) |
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In study 2, they looked at how reappraisal and suppression was associated with the other constructs for perceived regulation success theyfound |
suppression: high reappraisal high |
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negative mood regulation |
reappraisal : high suppression: low |
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rumination |
reappraisal: low suppression : high |
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neuroticism: |
reappraisal: low suppression: not related to it |
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extraversion |
reappraisal: high suppression: low |
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cognitive ability or social desireability |
not related to either reappraisal or suppression |
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study 3 looked at self and peer reported emotional experience and expression |
ll |
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for positive emotional experiences they found that: |
reappraisal is positively related to positive emotional expeirence suppression is negatively related to positive emotional experience |
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for positive expression of emotion: |
reappraisal is assocaited with higher expression of positive emotions suppression is associated with less expression of positive emotions |
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for experiencing negative emotions |
reappraisal is negatively correlated with experiencing negative emotions suppression is positively associated with experienceing negative emotions |
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for expression of negative emotions: |
peopple who reappraise are less likely to express negative emotions for suppression there is no significant negative correlation between expression of negative emotions and supppression which shows that people who use suppression actually do express some negative emotion, they strategy to not show emotion is not completely effective |
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study 4 looked at social functioning: |
yayy |
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for sharing positive emotions with others: |
reappraisal is associated with sharing both positive and negative emtions with others suppression is not |
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for avoidance of attachment: |
reappraisal was not related to avoidance of attachment people who showed suppression did have avoidance of attahcmetn |
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for close relationships: |
reapparisal assocaited with many close relationships suppression assoociated with less close relationships |
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likeability: |
people who show reappraisal are more liked by their peers people who show suppression are less liked by their peers |
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social support: |
was negatively related to suppression not related to reappraisal |
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study 5 looked at wellbeing what did it find for depression: |
people who used reappraisal were less likely to have depressive symptoms people who used suppressin were more likely to have depressive symptoms |
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what did it find for wellbeing and life satisfaction: |
reappraisal is positively related to all of these aspects of wellbeing the more peope suppressed their emotions the lower their wellbeing on the various domains |
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what do we expect for emotional regulation and development? |
as people grow older their emotion regulation strategies become more habitual and stable over time |
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what did a study looking at emotional regulation over development find for reappraisal |
- reappraisal scores were the same over time - boys reported using less reappraisal than females |
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what did this study find for suppression? |
- suppression scores tended to decrease as children got older - males reported using more suppression than females |
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what is one weakness of Gross's experiments? |
he only looked at two types of emotion regulation strategies but thier are otherones! and in some situations some are better than other, it depends on the context!! so it is better to have a wide range of strategies and be able to use the appropriate ones in the appropriate situations it is important to look at the pattern of strategies, rather tahn just which strategy you use most often! |
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In the prof's study, she looked at which different emotion strategies: |
- adjustment - conceiling (you only suppress the expression of the emotion not the intenal experience of the emotion) - reappraisal - suppression - emotional engagement (being able to recognise your emotions, idenfitiy with it and engage with it in some way (rather than avoiding the emotions)) |
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what were her results for the patterns of emotions regulation strategies that teenagers use? |
- there were 5 different clusters of responses |
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what are these 5 clusters of responses? |
- average strategy use group - adjustment propensity - suppression propensity - conceiling and suppression group - emotionally disengaged (they were low on the emotional engagement strategy) - no strategies (they didnt use any strategies to regulate their emotions) |
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which groups were associated with the worst outcomes, and what were those outcomes? |
- no strategies - emotionally disengaed - conceiling and suppression group led to the worse outcomes it was related to anxiety and depression |
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what group led to the best outcome? |
adjustment propensity group (because they adapt themselves to the situation that they were in) this group was much less likely to have anxiety or depression |
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what are the main points from this week's lecture? |
According to the Process Model, emotionscan be regulate at different points in theemotion generation process When and how emotions are regulated(and in what context) determines whetherstrategies are adaptive or not • The use of ER strategies probablybecomes more trait-like over development |