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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
id
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(instincts)- governed by pleasure principle, unconcious only, not in control, sex w/mom
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ego
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(executive)- governed by reality principle, un/conscious, what everyone else sees
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superego
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(conscience)- governed by neither, un/conscious,connects 2 together, societal standards
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id, ego, superego
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coexist together
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psychodynamics
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how these structures relate together
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defense mechanism
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unconscious strategy that ppl use to reduce anxity by concealing source
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sublimation
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ppl divert unwanted impulses into socially approved thoughts, feelings + behaviors
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FOR- ordeal-roach
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learn word pair, no/think about roach
A) biological bases for suppression- yes! |
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Alfred Adler
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inferiority complex + birth order
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Jung
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collective unconscious(same for every1) + arche types - typical ex of everybody, myers-briggs
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Horney
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women not motivated by penis envy,
more aggreable + confident -> more distress grumpy + low self esteem -> more distress |
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sublimation (defense mechanism)
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ppl divert unwanted impulses into socially approved thoughts, feeling or behaviors
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Big 5 Personality Factors
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OCEAN
Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism(Emotional Stability |
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self-efficacy
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how you feel about your abilities:
-how well you actually perform -how you feel about abilities in future |
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types of procrastinators
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active- do bettery putting off until last min- higher sense of self-efficacy, same gpa
passive- let things slide until last min, low self efficacy, high stress, lower gpas |
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MMPI demoralization
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inability to cope
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Rogers and unconditional positive regard
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an attitude of acceptance + respect on the part of an observer, no matter what a person says or does
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MMPI-2
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Iventory-2, self-report test that identifies ppl with psychological difficulties and is employed to predict some everyday behaviors
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Rorschach test
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symmetrical visual stimuli - what does it represent?
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TAT measures what?
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Thematic Apperception Test measures unconcious motives
writign story |
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what are gender roles?
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set of expectations defined by a particular society that indicates what is appropriate for males + females
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differences in communication for males + females
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more assertive - M
looks more at other while talking- M while listening-F smiles moer- F engages more in selfdisclosure- F |
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what is benevolent sexism + effects?
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stereotyped and restrictive attitudes that appar on surface to benefit women
but, performance decreased b/c women start to ? their competence, creating anxiety, lowers ability to learn + remember |
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androgynous?
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gender roles that have psychological and behavioral traits that are typical of both sexes
-decreases child's chance of developing gender schemas |
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4 stages of sexual response
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excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
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hostile sexism
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anti-female, anti-affirmative action
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*DD* permissiveness of affection?
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belief that it's acceptable for men + women to engage in premarital sex if its in a longterm committed relationship
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men high in RMA(rate myth acceptance) believe in what?
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mroe likely to show a proclivity toward rape
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% of men + women that masturbate
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men- 61%
women- 38% |
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#1 STI
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chlamydia
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prevalence of chlamydia/
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most likely ages 15-19
20-24 |
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cataclysmic events
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strong stressors that occur suddenly, affect many ppl
ex) Hurricane Katrina |
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personal stressors
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major life events that have immediate consequences that fade with time
ex) loss of loved one |
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background stressors
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everyday annoyances that cause minor irritations but have no long-term consequences
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general Adaptation syndrome steps
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stressor -> alarm + mobilization -> resistance -> exhaustion
ex) test soon, study alot, tired sick inability to focus |
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emotion-focused coping
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make yourself feel better, don't change situation, works when situation CAN'T be changed
ex) meditation |
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problem-focused coping
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find a solution, change situation, works when situation CAN be changed
ex)study, manage your time better |
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type a behavior
what it is and why dangerous |
competitiveness, urgency about time, feelings of being driven, hostility
twice as likely to develop hypertension in 15 yrs affect blood pressure + health |
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positively frames messages
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emphasives GAIN
most effective in prevention |
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negatively framed messages
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emphasizes LOSS
most effective in detection |
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optimists have better immune system function when?
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during high levels of short term stress
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mouthwash study
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loss frame worked better with detection
gain frame worked better with prevention |
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male brain vs. female brain - try harder?
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male- verbal
female- spatial |
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assumptions of DSM-IV
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used to classify psychological disorders
-theories should not be specified -disorders can be categorized on basis of symptoms -individuals must be diagnosed along multiple levels |
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defining abnormality
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deviation from average, deviation from ideal, a sense of personal discomfort, inability to function effectively, legal conceptions
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FOR- creativity/madness or both
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30 nonsense syllables w/bursts of white noise
determine when white noise comes non creative ppl did better |
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5 axes of DSM-IV
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1) clinical syndromes
2)long-standing personality problems 3)physical disorders 4)severity of stressors 5)level of functioning over the past year |
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hallucination vs. delusion
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hallucination- experience of perceiving things that do not exist
delusion- firmly held, unshakable beliefs with no basis in reality |
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obsession vs. compulsion
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obsession- presistent, unwanted thought that keeps recurring
compulsion- irresistable urge to carry out an act |
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symptoms of major depressive disorders
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-feel useless, worthless lonely
-may cry uncontrollably -sleep disturbances -risk of suicide -can last for months or years -interferes with concentration, decision making and sociability |
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types of schizophrenia
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-disorganized- innapropriate laughter, incoherent
-paranoid- unpredictable behavior, delusions + hallucinations catatonic- disturbances in movement, frozen for hours/day or wild movement undifferentiated- mixture of symptoms residual- minor signs after serious episode |
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*DD* a woman meticulously scrubs her bathroom sink every night for 20 min before bed
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what is a compulsion
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study on BPD
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task 1 - working memory = 3s
task 2_ anagrams dependent measures - whether they stopped and when Results: -BPD more likely to quit + less likely to do it again -BPD quit sooner - increased emotional disregulation + didn't like experiencing - emotions |
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systematic desensitization
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-gradual exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus paired with relaxation to extinguish response to anxiety
-effective in phobias, anxiety disorders |
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systematic desesitization best for?
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snake phobia - exposure therapy (behavioral and cognitive)
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ECT
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electroconvulsive therapy
70-150 volts to the head, causing loss of conciousness + often seizures keeps ppl from committing suicide, but memory loss |
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study on depressed patients- 1 or several treatments
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try one thing, doesnt work, try something else
1) salaxa or ? - serotonin 5 levels- switch or stay results: 2/3 improved 1 -> 2 cognitive therapy alone = very effective but (placebo, control group, double blind)- not there |
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cognitive dissonance
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conflict that occurs when a person holds contradictory attitudes or thoughts
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results of festingers and carlsmiths exp
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ppl paid $1 changed attitude(more + toward boring task) than ppl paid 20$
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dispositional causes of behavior
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perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors
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fundamental attribution error
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a tendency to overattribute others' behavoior to dispositional causes and the corresponding minimization of the importance of situational causes
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Asch experiment
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4 conformists, 1 non
75% majority 25% never conformed |
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milgrams experiment
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inflicting pain vs. obeying instructions
most ppl obeyed (voltage) |
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stanford prison study
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demonstrated that ordinary ppl could behave in "evil" ways under the right circumstances
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sternberg's types of love
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3 parts
1)a decision/committment component 2)intimacy component 3)passion component |
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instinct theory of aggression
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innate, inborn tendency
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frustration-aggression hypothesis
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aggreson is always the result of frustration
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observational learning theory of aggression
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a learned behavior acquired by watching others
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in group out group bias
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how to overcome:
-sense of group identity -working toward a common goal -extensive interaction |
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social facilitation
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-perform better on an easy task in front of audience
-perform more poorly on a difficult task in front of audience (cockroach) |
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social loafing
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several ppl working together put in less effort than one working alone
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diffusion of responsibility
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the greather the # of bystanders the less individual help is given
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