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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Central Nervous System
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Brain and spinal cord
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Spinal Cord
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Bundle of long neurons running through the spine
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Neuron
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individual nerve cell
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Central part of nerve cell; contains nucleus
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Cell Body
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Small branches extending from cell;receive messages from other neurons
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Dendrites
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Long tail of neuron; sends messages to other neurons
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Axon
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Have sacs filled with fluid chemicals
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Neurotransmitters
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Located inside the neuron, positively or negatively charged particles
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ions
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Charge of Ions INSIDE cell membrane
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negative
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charge of ions outside cell membrane
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positive
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Positive ions entering cell membrane;process called? (resting to awake)
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Depolarization
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Once neural trasmission starts this process goes into effect
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all-or-none principle/action potential
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How many neural connections inside body?
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trillions
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Neurons work together through....
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synaptic vesicles
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Excitatory Neurotransmitters
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message to keep sending
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Inhibitatory Neurotransmitters
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Message to stop
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Where is the synapse located?
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gap between neurons
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Where are receptor sites located?
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end of dendrites
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Neurotransmitter that wants muscle to move faster.
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Acetylcholine (AcH) - works with adreniline
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Neurotransmitter that is a mood enhancer
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Dopamine
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Neurotransmitter that impacts mood.
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Serotonin
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Neurotransmitter that is given off in the sympathetic nervous system if you are scared or anxious.
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Norepinephrine
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Neurotransmitter that is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
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Glutamate
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Cells that outnumber neurons (50:1)
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Glial Cells
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Cells that provide nutrients to neurons, enhance what happens at synapse and new neurons arise out of them
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Glial Cells
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Speeds up neural transmission
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Myelin sheath
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Interneurons are used for...
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simple reflexes
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Nervous system that has sensory (afferent) neurons and motor (efferent) neurons.
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Peripheral Nervous system
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neurons that take in sensations
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Sensory (Afferent) Neurons
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neurons that give you reactions
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Motor (Efferent) Neurons
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Sysmpathetic and Parasympathetic are both a part of the..
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Autonomic Nervous system
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System of Autonomic Nervous systems that responds to psychological or physical stress
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Sympathetic (dog attack-fight or flight) - activates/inhibits organs
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System of autonomic nervous system that helps maintain balanced regulation of internal organs and large body muscles
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Parasympathetic (After dog fight-everything okay)
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Part of brain that performs routine functions that keep body working
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Hindbrain
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Part of brain that includes medulla, pons, and cerebellum
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Hindbrain
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Part of Hindbrain (3 parts total) that is the bottom of brain stem
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Medulla (breathing reflexes)
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Part of Hindbrain (3 parts total) that helps balance and hearing
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Pons (middle of hindbrain, above medulla)
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Part of Hindbrain (3 parts total) that is in charge of motor coordination and memory
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Cerebellum (Back bottom of brain -protected)
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Center for postural reflexes linked to senses and spacial sound
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Midbrain (above pons which is above medulla)
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The Two distinct areas of the forebrain
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1 thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic systems
2 cerebral cortex |
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The message relay station located in the forebrain that controls all senses except smell
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Thalamus
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Part of forebrain that is in control of entire autonomic system (body temp., emotions, sexual drive)
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Hypothalamus
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Part of forebrain that controls aggression and emotion
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Amygdala
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Part of forebrain that controls spacial memory and new memories
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Hippocampus
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Part of forebrain that controls language/intelligence, voluntary actions, and conscious experiences
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Cerebral cortex
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What are the four lobes of the brain (cerebral cortex)
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1 frontal lobes (thinking, memory)
2 Parietal Lobes (in back - body sense, math, visuospatial) 3 Temporal Lobes (sides - language, music, hearing) 4 Occipital Lobes (very back -Vision) |
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EEG?
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Electroencephalogram (brain waves)
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PET
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Positiron emmision tomography (Radioactivity)
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MRI
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Magnetic resonance imaging (looks at structures)
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fMRI
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Functional MRI measures (doing something when scanning)
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MEG
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Magnetoencephalography (Magnetic waves)
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DTI
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Diffusion Tensor Imaging (measures axons of brain)
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Side of hemisphere that controls language, logical and verbal info
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left
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Side of hemisphere that controls shapes, location, visual spatial info
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right
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When gray matter decreases and white matter increases
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during development
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Systems that controls regulation of bodily processes
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Endocrine System
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Secretes neuropeptides and hormones
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glands
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Activates body organs during physical stress or emotional arousal
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hormones
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Gland that is largely controlled by hypothalamus. regulates body's reaction to stress and resistance to disease
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Pituitary gland
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Glands that sit atop kidney. Secrete variety of hormones in emotional arousal (cortisol, epinphrine and norepinphrine
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Adrenal glands
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Glands that produce sex cells
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Gonads
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Gland that controls metabolism
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Thyroid
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Gland attached to top of thalamus and secretes melatonin (regulates mood and sleep)
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Pineal
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