Psyc 243 - 1

Front 1

What is the science of Human Development?

Back 1

the science that seeks to understand how and why people change or remain the same over time. Developmentalists study people of all ages and circumstances

Front 2

what is the word that refers to science being based on observation and not theoretical knowledge?

Back 2

empirical

Front 3

list three important parts of the definition of human development

Back 3

scientific, diverse, connections between change and time

Front 4

Dynamic-systems theory

Back 4

a view of human development as always chaing. Life is the product of ongoing interaction between the physical and emotional being and between the person and every aspect of his or her environment, including the family and society. Flux is constant, and each change affects all the others.

Front 5

what is the name of the theory that says that a change in one part of a person, or family, or society will affect all the other aspects sof development?

Back 5

dynamic-systems theory

Front 6

who came up with the ecological-systems approach?

Back 6

Urie Bronfenbrenner

Front 7

Ecolocial-systems approach

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a vision of how human development should be studied, with the person considered in all the contexts and interactions that constitue life

Front 8

name and explain the five systems in the ecological-systems approach

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(1) microsystem (elements of the person's immediate surroundings, such as family and peers) (2) exosystem (local institutions such as schools) (3) Macrosystem (larger social setting, such as cultural values, political processes) (4) chronosystem (historical conditions) (5) mesosystem (connections between systems and parts of systems)

Front 9

list the five characteristics of development

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multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, plasticity

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multidirectional

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development can go in any direction

Front 11

butterfly effect

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a small effect could have a large impact if it tips the balance.

Front 12

multicontextual

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humans develop in many different contexts, such as pysical surroundings and family patterns

Front 13

cohort

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group of people who were born near the same time and move through life together

Front 14

what refers to a persons position in society?

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socioeconomic status

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SES

Back 15

person's position in society as determined by income, wealth, occupation, education, place of residence, and other factors

Front 16

multicultural

Back 16

culture affects people at every moment

Front 17

ethnic group

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people whose ancestors were born in the same region and who often share a language, culture, and religion

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race

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a group of people who are regarded as genetically distinct on the basis of physical appearance

Front 19

what is the term for an idea created by society?

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social construct

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multidisciplinary

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development is divided into three domains

Front 21

list the three domains, and explain

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bisocial development (includes all growth and change that occurs in a person's body and the factors that affect that growth and change); cognitive development (includes all the mental processes. Education is part of this domain as well); Psychosocial development (development of emotions, temperament, and social skills)

Front 22

mirror neurons

Back 22

brain cells that respond to actions performed by someone else

Front 23

what is one implication of mirror neurons?

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empathy for people in pain or sorrow

Front 24

what do we call the brain cells that respond to actions performed by others?

Back 24

mirror neurons

Front 25

plasticity

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traits can be molded, yet people maintain a certain durability of identity

Front 26

list the five steps of the scientific method

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(1) ask a question (2) develop a hypothesis (3) test the hypothesis (4) draw conclusions (5) make the findings available

Front 27

hypothesis

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a specific prediction that is stated in such a way that it can be tested and either confirmed or refuted

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replication

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the repetition of a scientific study

Front 29

list four ways to test the hypothesis

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scientific observation, experiment, survey, case study

Front 30

List three types of studies

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cross-sectiona, longitudinal, and cross-sequential

Front 31

list the three pitfals of science

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misinterpreting data, overdependance on numbers, and unethical practices

Front 32

correlation

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a number indicating the degree of relationship between two variables, expressed in terms of the likelihood that one variable will or will not occur when the other variable does or does not.

Front 33

list the two types of research

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quantitative or qualitative