Psy 110 Test 3 Chapter 13

Front 1

social psychology

Back 1

the subfield of psychology that focuses on how people think about other people and interact in relationships and groups

Front 2

social cognition

Back 2

the are of social psychology that focuses on how people perceive their social worlds and how they attend to, store, remember, and use information about other people and the social world

Front 3

attitude

Back 3

an overall evaluation about some aspect of the world

Front 4

cognitive dissonance

Back 4

the uncomfortable state that arises because of a discrepancy between an attitude and behavior or between two attitudes

Front 5

persuasion

Back 5

attempts to change peoples attitudes

Front 6

mere exposure effect

Back 6

the change generally favorable in attitude that can result from simply becoming familiar with something

Front 7

stereotype

Back 7

a belief (or set of beliefs) about people in a particular category

Front 8

ingroup

Back 8

an individuals own group

Front 9

outgroup

Back 9

a group other than an individuals own

Front 10

prejudice

Back 10

an attitude (generally negative) toward members of a group

Front 11

recategorization

Back 11

a means of reducing prejudice by shifting the categories of
"us" and "them" so that the two groups are no longer distinct enemies

Front 12

attribution

Back 12

an explanation for the cause of an event or behavior

Front 13

internal attribution

Back 13

an explanation of someone's behavior that focuses on the person's preferences, beliefs, goals, or other characteristics

Front 14

external attribution

Back 14

an explanation of someones behavior that focuses on the situation

also called situational attribution

Front 15

attributional bias

Back 15

a cognitive shortcut for determining attribution that generally occurs outside of conscious awareness

Front 16

fundamental attribution/correspondence bias

Back 16

the strong tendency to interpret other peoples behavior as due to internal causes rather than external ones

Front 17

self-serving bias

Back 17

a persons inclination to attribute his or her own failures to external causes and own successes to internal causes, but to attribute other peoples failures to internal causes and their successes to external causes

Front 18

belief in a just world

Back 18

an attributional bias that assumes that people get what they deserve

Front 19

passionate love

Back 19

an intense feeling that involves sexual attraction, a desire for mutual love and physical closeness, arousal, and a fear that the relationship will end

Front 20

companionate love

Back 20

a type of love marked by very close friendship, mutual caring, liking, respect, and attraction

Front 21

deindividuation

Back 21

the loss of sense of self that occurs when people in a group are anonymous

Front 22

norms

Back 22

a shared belief that is enforced through a group's use of penalties

Front 23

conformity

Back 23

a change in beliefs or behavior in order to follow a group's norms

Front 24

compliance

Back 24

a change in behavior prompted by a direct request rather than by social norms

Front 25

foot-in-the-door technique

Back 25

a technique that achieves compliance by beginning with an insiginficate request, which is then followed by a larger request

Front 26

lowball technique

Back 26

a compliance technique that consists of getting someone to make an agreement and then increasing the cost of that agreement

Front 27

door in the face technique

Back 27

someone makes a very large request and then, when it is denied, as expected, makes a smaller request

Front 28

obedience

Back 28

compliance with an order

Front 29

group polarization

Back 29

the tendency of group members opinions to become more extreme after group discussion

Front 30

groupthink

Back 30

the tendency of people who try to solve problems together to accept one another's information and ideas without subjecting them to critical analysis

Front 31

social loafing

Back 31

the tendency to work less hard when responsibility for an outcome is spread over a group's members

Front 32

social facilitiation

Back 32

the increase in performance that can occur simply as a result of being part of a group or in the presence of other people

Front 33

prosocial behavior

Back 33

acting to benefit others

Front 34

bystander effect

Back 34

the decrease of offers of assistance that occurs as the number of bystanders increases

Front 35

diffusion of responsiblity

Back 35

the diminished sense of responsibility to help that each person feels as the number of bystanders grow