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34 Cards in this Set
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The ongoing survey program conducted by the FDA that provides national estimates of average dietary intakes for pesticide residues, industrial chemicals, elements, radionuclides, and folate is which of the following?
A. National Health and Nutrition Examination B.Health and Diet Survey C. Total Diet Study D. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
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C. The Total Diet Study (TDS) is an ongoing program conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration that provides national estimates of average dietary intakes for pesticide residues, industrial chemicals, elements, radionuclides, and folate for the total U.S. population and 14 age/sex subgroups. Sometimes referred to as the Market Basket Study, the TDS was originally established in 1961 as a program to monitor radioactive contaminants following atmospheric testing of thermonuclear weapons.
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People of all ages should have a RBC Glutathione Reductase-FAD-effect (ratio) of:
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up to 1.2
It is acceptable to have RBC Glutathione-Reductase-FAD-effect (ratio) of up to 1.2 - a deficiency is indicated if levels are at 1.2+ or higher. Any deficiency must be addressed immediately. |
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Care must be taken that infants do not receive excessive amounts of either vitamins A or D because both can be toxic in excessive amounts. Vitamin A can:
A. damage the liver B. cause bone abnormalities C. damage the cardiovascular system D. A and B |
A and B
Vitamin D can damage the cardiovascular system and kidneys. If a baby is not breastfed, the American Academy of Pediatricians recommend an iron-fortified formula. The pediatrician can prescribe and vitamin D supplement if the infant is not being nursed and who is not exposed to sunlight on a regular basis. |
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Burdock purifies the blood, restores liver and gallbladder function, and stimulates the immune system. The parts used are:
A. roots B. seeds C. A and B D. tops only |
A and B
Burdock also helps skin disorders such as boils and carbuncies and relieves gout symptoms. Caution should be taken because it interferes with iron absorption when taken internally. |
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Acidity and alkalinity are measured according to the pH (potential of hydrogen) scale. Water, with a pH of 7.0 is considered neutral - neither acid nor alkaline. Any substance with a pH above 7.0 is:
A. alkaline B. acidic C. neither alkaline or acidic D. none of the above |
A. alkaline Any substance with a pH above 7.0 is alkaline while anything with a pH below 7.0 is acid. The ideal pH range for the human body is 6.0 to 6.8 (the human body is naturally acidic). For the body, values above a pH of 6.8 are considered to be on the alkaline side while values below a pH of 6.3 are on the acidic side. |
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In statistics, which of the following indicates a relationship exists between two variables outside of chance?
A. Standard deviation. B. Relationship level. C. Significance level. D. Significance factor. |
Significance level
In statistics, the significance level indicates that a relationship exists between two variables outside of chance. Significance levels are used to reject the null hypothesis. |
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The tracking of movements in nutrition by gathering information at more than one time is known as which of the following?
A. trend analysis B. morbidity ratio C. periodic screening D. surveillance |
A. trend analysis trend analysis Trend analysis is the tracking of movements (trends) in nutrition by gathering information at more than one time. Trend analysis can examine how programs or events affect eating behaviors or nutritional status, or it may track trends by reuse of questionnaires to monitor trends in consumer interests, nutrition concerns, sales of food items, and so forth. |
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The mean cell volume is determined by which of the following?
A. hematocrit value divided by red blood cell count B. red blood cell count divided by hematocrit value C. hematocrit value times red blood cell count D. none of the above |
A. hematocrit value divided by red blood cell count
Mean cell volume (MCV) describes red blood cells in terms of individual red cell size. It is determined by dividing the hematocrit value by red blood cell count. Normal values are 80 – 94 cu/microns. |
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of qualitative research?
A. concerned only with outcomes B. uses the natural setting as the direct source of data C. tends to analyze inductively D. descriptive |
concerned only with outcomes
This is incorrect. Qualitative research is concerned with process rather than simply with outcomes or products. Meaning is of essential concern to the qualitative approach. |
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Which of the following foods has the most potassium?
A. plain, whole milk yogurt B. 8 oz orange juice C. 3/4 cup tomato sauce D. 1/2 cup cooked beet greens – 1/2 cup |
cooked beet greens –
1/2 cup Cooked beet greens – 1/2 cup, have 655 mg of potassium. The other choices are also sources of potassium but are all less than 405 mg per serving. |
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What are the three blocks of the Scope of Dietetics Practice Framework?
A. Integrative Knowledge, Testing Aids, Conclusions. B. Core Responsibilities, Behavioral Resources, Decision Analysis. C. Foundation Knowledge, Evaluation Resources, Decision Aids. D. Development, Evaluation, Responsibility. |
C. Foundation Knowledge, Evaluation Resources, Decision Aids
According to the American Dietetic Association, the Scope of Dietetics Practice Framework is comprised of three blocks that together describe the full range of roles, responsibilities and activities that dietetics practitioners are educated and authorized to perform. The Framework encompasses standards of practice grounded in knowledge, skills and experience. |
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The adult reference range for carbon dioxide in serum or plasma is which of the following?
A. 10 – 20 mEq/L B. 12.5 – 18.5 mEq/L C. 24 – 30 mEq/L D. 25.5 – 40 mEq/L |
C. 24 – 30 mEq/L
Measurement of carbon dioxide in serum helps assess the body’s acid/base balance. The adult reference range in serum or plasma is 24 – 30 mEq/L. |
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Expected values of alkaline phosphatase are higher in all of the following groups EXCEPT:
A. elderly B. children C. adolescents (during skeletal growth) D. pregnant women |
A. elderly
Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found in the liver, bone, placenta, and intestine, and is useful in detecting disease in these organs. Expected values are higher in children, during skeletal growth in adolescents, and during pregnancy. |
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A vegetarian is more likely to require zinc supplements if he or she is a(n) ______.
A. Adult. B. Child. C. Elderly. D. Teenager. |
B. Child |
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Currently, ________________% of calories in U.S. diets is derived from fat. 20 30 36 40
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36
The American Heart Association's newest recommendation is to consume less or no more than 7% of saturated fats, 8% polyunsaturated fats and 15% monounsaturated fats. |
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In order to reduce salt intake, one should consume less than:
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2,300 mg of sodium (approximately 1 teaspoon of salt) per day
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Positive water balance is an excess accumulation of water in the body. It causes:
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edema |
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The result of insufficient insulin through deliberate or unavoidable omission of prescribed insulin or a greatly increased need is which of the following?
A. ketoacidosis B. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketonic syndrome C. Somogyi effect D. dawn phenomenon |
A. ketoacidosis
Ketoacidosis results from insufficient insulin through deliberate or unavoidable omission of prescribed insulin or a greatly increased need. Patients are usually thirsty, polyuric, weak and short of breath. They may also experience nausea and altered consciousness. |
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Behavioral objectives identify specific, realistic outcomes that a person wants to attain. The elements that describe setting, cues, and equipment associated with the behavior are known as which of the following?
A. performance elements B. condition elements C. criterion elements D. standard elements |
condition elements Condition elements describe setting, cues, and equipment associated with the behavior. They determine which resources will be provided or withheld.
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____ minutes of intense exercise may deplete stores of glycogen.
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90 minutes The body stores small amounts of glycogen from carbohydrates. This energy is depleted after 90 minutes of exercise. Carb loading is used to increase the glycogen store. |
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Studies that expose the same persons to multiple treatments rather than assigning different treatments to different groups are which of the following?
A. case control studies B. cohort studies C. repeated-measure design D. case mix |
C. repeated-measure design |
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A deficiency of vitamin E in people of all ages will be indicated with plasma vitamin E levels of:
A. 0.6+ mg/100 ml B. 0.2 - 0.6 mg/100 ml C. up to 0.2 mg/100 ml D. none of the above |
A deficiency of plasma vitamin E is indicated with levels of up to 0.2 mg/100 ml and should be at 0.6 + mg/100 ml - any deficiency should be addressed immediately through proper nutrition and supplementation, if required.
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Which of the following statements about fats and frying is least accurate?
A. Fat should be filtered and refrigerated after each use. B. Pans should not be filled more than half way when frying. C. The highest temperature for cooking fat is 212° F. D. A cup of melted fat weighs more than a cup of solid fat. |
The highest temperature for cooking fat is 212° F. This is the least accurate statement. The highest temperature for cooking fat is 390° F. Fats can be heated to temperatures substantially above the boiling point of water.
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Which of the following drugs or types of drugs can cause an increase in appetite?
A. Plaquenil B. Proleukin C. Ritalin D. antidepressants |
antidepressants
Antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants can cause an increase in appetite. The other choices are all drugs that can cause loss of appetite. |
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Purine-rich foods include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. liver B. anchovies C. broccoli D. bouillon |
Broccoli is not a food that is rich in purine.
Besides the other three choices, foods rich in purine to avoid are liver, kidneys, sweetbreads, brains, heart, sardines, meat extracts, and broth. |
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The UL for calcium for all persons over the age of one is which of the following?
A. 2,000 to 3,000 mg/day B. 1,000 to 1,300 mg/day C. 1,500 mg/day D. 800 to 1,000 mg/day |
2,000 to 3,000 mg/day
The UL for calcium for all persons over the age of one is 2,000 to 3,000 mg/day. For men and women (depending on age) the RDA for calcium is 1,000 to 1,300 mg/day. |
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Riboflavin levels in urine for anyone over the age of 16 should be at:
A. 80+mcg/g creatinine B. 27-79 mcg/g creatinine C. up to 27 mcg/g creatinine D. none of the above |
80+mcg/g creatinine
Acceptable levels of Riboflavin in urine of people of all ages should be 80+ mcg/g creatinine and at least 90+ mcg/g creatinine in pregnant women. A deficiency in levels up to 27 mcg/g creatinine in people of all ages should be addressed nutritionally. |
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For a child 2 years of age, the recommended water intake/output is which of the following?
A. 1.3 L per day B. 2.3 L per day C. 2.7 L per day D. 3.3 L per day |
1.3 L per day The AI for a child who falls into the age range of 1 – 3 years is 1.3 L per day.
The AI ranges from 0.7 L/day for infants to 3.8 L/day for lactating women. This includes all water contained in food, beverages, and drinking water. |
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Which of the following statements about COPD and diet is least accurate?
A. Chronic sputum production alters the taste of food. B. Caloric expenditure is usually decreased in COPD patients. C. Fluid retention may mask changes in body composition. D. In COPD patients 50% of total calories should come from fat. |
Caloric expenditure is usually decreased in COPD patients.
This is the least accurate statement. Caloric expenditure is may be elevated in COPD patients. This is due to infections or fevers and the increased work of breathing. |
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All of the following is true about Horsetail except:
A. increases calcium absorption to promote healthy bones, teeth, skin, hair and nails B. does not promote healing of broken bones and connective tissue C. strengthens the heart and lungs D. acts as a diuretic |
does not promote healing of broken bones and connective tissue
Horsetail is also known as bottle brush or shavegrass and is useful for the treatment of arthritis, bone diseases such as osteoporosis and rickets, bronchitis, cardiovascular disease, edema, gallbladder disorders, inflammation, muscle cramps and prostate disorders. It can also be used in poultice form to depress bleeding and accelerate healing of burns and wounds. |
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Which of the following is NOT an indication of magnesium depletion?
A. hypercalcemia B. seizures C. cardiac arrhythmias D. hypokalemia |
hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia is not an indication of magnesium depletion; hypocalcemia is an indication. This is a result of impaired parathyroid hormone secretion, renal and skeletal resistance to parathyroid hormone and resistance to vitamin D. |
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A person who has excessive hunger has which of the following conditions?
A. polyphagia B. polyuria C. polydipsia D. ketonemia |
polyphagia
Polyphagia is excessive appetite. It derives from the inability to metabolize glucose which causes the body to break down its own tissue for protein and fat. But, at the same time a loss of weight, weakness, and fatigue occur. |
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The diet documentation method used to assess an individual’s usual dietary intake over an extended period of time is which of the following?
A. food propensity questionnaire B. Willett questionnaire C. diet history food D.frequency questionnaire |
diet history
Diet history is used to assess an individual’s usual dietary intake over an extended period of time, such as the past month or year. Traditionally, the diet history approach has been associated with the method of assessing a respondent’s usual diet. |
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The amount of sodium consumed by the average American per day is
A. 2,300 mg. B. 230 mg. C. 340 mg. D. 3,400 mg. |
3,400 mg
The average American consumes about 50% more sodium than the 2,300 mg per day recommended in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Excessive sodium consumption is associated with increased risk for hypertension. |
