Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Second Bishops' War
|
- Charles had great difficulty finding a commander for the English army: Northumberland was ill, and Strafford was struck down by gout, while Charles stayed in London
- while the majority of the King's army was still in York, the Scots won the Battle of Newburn in September 1640 and captured Newcastle, thus controlling London's coal supply - the English Army, with Strafford incapacitated, was struck down by gout, desertion, mutiny and unwillingness to fight - there was evident correspondence between the Covenanters and English opponents of the Personal Rule - Charles called a meeting of the Council of Peers on 24th September at York, which advised the King to call Parliament - on 21st October 1640, Charles forced to sign the Treaty of Ripon: Parliament called to address Scottish grievances and create a peace settlement, Scots to stay in Newcastle until such a peace settlement reached, and Charles to pay the occupying army £850 a day - in November 1640, the King issued writs to country sheriffs in preparation for a parliamentary election |
|
Why did Charles abandon PR in 1640?
|
- Personal Rule aroused widespread opposition in England, Scotland and Ireland
- religious issues helped motivate people who otherwise would not have resisted it - examples of Prynne, Bastwick and B..., Ship Money, Prayer Book riots in 1637 provided oppositonal centres - Bishops' Wars forced Charles to call a parliament - Charles' defeat in the Bishops' Wars was largely caused by the unpopularity of the wars, the inefficiencies of local government and the Crown's financial weakness |
|
Overview
|
1637: Prayer Book riots
1638: National Covenant 1639: First Bishops' War 1639: Pacification of Berwick in June 1639: Strafford called back from Ireland and advises a Parliament in September 1640: Charles dissolves Short Parliament after 3 weeks after it refuses to grant funds before grievances are addressed 1640: Charles defeated in 2nd BW. Scots occupy north-east England. Treaty of Ripon ln 21st October 1640: Long Parliament meets in November |
|
Climacterics
|
- Long Parliament 1640 until civil war 1642
- New Model Army defies Parliament in 1647 till the 2nd Civil War, the execution of Charles and the establishment of the Commonwealth - Cromwell's quarrel with the Rump Parliament to the establishment of his protectorate in 1653 - confrontation of Richard Cromwell in 1659 and the restoration of Charles II |
|
Long Parliament
|
- opened on 3rd November 1640
- there were expectations of political and religious reform - Pym warned Parliament of a Catholic conspiracy, aimed at altering the kingdom "both in religion and government" and accused the government of stirring up the Anglo-Scottish wars, of trying out absolutism in Ireland, and of planning to use the Irish army to bring England to order - Strafford and Laud impeached and imprisoned awaiting trial - to lessen morale, Parliament threatened to impeach any sheriff or customs officer who had collected SM or tonnage and poundage |
|
Divisiveness of Religion
|
- some people resented the destruction of their church, and some even defended altar rails
- many clergymen stopped wearing surplices and using the prayer book - Lords said divine service should be "performed as it is appointed by the laws of Parliament" - bill for abolition of episcopacy was debated at length: did not go to Presbyterianism or religious liberty, but instead put ecclesiastical jurisdiction and most church property in the hands of laymen - Jan 1641: Commons proposed to remove altars and rails and destroy "superstitious" items or imagery; refused to pass an order condemning those who didn't use the PB; order finally passed on 8th September in a depleted house and had no legal force as Lords had rejected it - some godly preachers formed their own congregations; one aim of the bill was to weaken the clergy, as the Commons were pissed off that the Lords refused to exclude the bishops - church courts could be used to reform public morality - Laudians were abused, services disrupted and Prayer Books soiled and torn - in the second half of 1641, a growing number of petitions were in favour of the PB - profits of Church lands could ease financial problems - March 1641: Lords ordered that the communion table should "stand decently in the ancient place where it ought to do so by the law" - rioting became more and more political and religious and violent in nature, usually against Catholics, Laudians and courtiers - Commons authorised parishioners to invite godly preachers in - Lords agreed to exclude clergymen from exercising civil authority - Junto promoted bishops' exclusion bill to appease the Scots, amd after the Scottish treaty on 3rd August, it was quietly dropped - some claimed that the Protestation bound them to abolish the liturgy and ceremonies as well as government and discipline of the church |
|
1640 |
|
|
Early months of 1641 |
|
|
Chances of compromise |
|
|
Events turning against Charles, winter 1641 |
|
|
1642: the drift to war |
|
|
Nineteen Propositions: June 1642 |
|
|
Conclusion |
|