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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of a PIREP?
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to report meteorological conditions in flight
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T/F
Meteorological phenomena MAY NOT be observable by any other means |
True
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What are the 2 classifications for PIREPs?
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Urgent (UUA)
Routine (UA) |
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What does PIREP, UUA and UA stand for?
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PIREP Pilot Weather Report
UUA Urgent Upper Atmosphere UA Upper Atmosphere |
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Weather phenomena reported by a pilot which represent a hazard or a potential hazard to flight operations is classified as what?
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Urgent (UUA)
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What 7 conditions are classified as Urgent PIREPs?
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1. Tornadoes, funnel clouds, or waterspouts
2. Severe or extreme turbulence (including clear air turbulence) 3. Severe icing 4. Hail 5. Low-level wind shear 6. Volcanic eruptions and volcanic ash clouds 7. Any other weather phenomena reported which are considered by the controller as being hazardous or potentially hazardous to flight operations |
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What may be included when reporting clouds?
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Bases
Tops Layers |
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What restrictions to visibility may be reported?
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Haze
Smoke Dust |
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List 5 reported conditions that may be included in a PIREP, but not limited to.
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1. Thunderstorms and related phenomena
2. Clouds (bases, tops, layers) 3. In-flight visibility 4. Restrictions to visibility (haze, smoke, dust) 5. Precipitation 6. Wind at altitude 7. Temperature aloft 8. Airframe icing 9. Turbulence 10. Wind shear 11. Clear air turbulence 12. Volcanic ash |
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_______ and ________ use PIREPs to expedite traffic flow in the vicinity of the airport and to provide hazardous weather avoidance procedures.
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Towers and TRACONs
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__________ use PIREPs to brief pilots and issue in-flight advisories.
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Automated Flight Service Stations (AFSSs)
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Who uses the reports to expedite the flow of en route traffic by determining the most favorable altitudes, and to issue hazardous weather information within their controlled area?
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The ARTCC
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Who uses PIREPs to:
- Verify or amend conditions contained in forecasts and advisories - Issue advisories based on PIREPs - Brief pilots - Study meteorological phenomena |
NWS (National Weather Service)
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Who forwards PIREPs into the weather distribution system and makes PIREP information available to pilots and other interested parties?
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All ATC facilities and the NWS
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How would you solicit a PIREP as a controller?
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“NOVEMBER ONE HOTEL LIMA, REQUEST FLIGHT CONDITIONS ALONG PRESENT ROUTE.”
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When are Air traffic facilities REQUIRED to solicit PIREPs from aircraft?
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when one of the following conditions exist or are forecast:
5- ceilings at or below 5,000 ft AGL (includes bases/tops when feasible)(forecast or current) 5- Visibility 5 SM or less (surface or aloft) v- volcanic ash clouds (forecast or current) b- When breaking action advisories are in effect (Terminal Only) (Braking Action reported as "fair, poor, or nil") s- Wind shear (Terminal) (gain or loss in airspeed) i- icing (LGT or greater intensity) t- thunderstorms and related phenomena t- turbulence (MOD or greater intensity) |
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Each PIREP must include what 5 items?
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1. Location
2. Time 3. Altitude/flight level 4. Type aircraft 5. At least one other element |
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When the PIREP involves turbulence, include what 2 things?
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1. Whether in clouds or clear air
2. Type and intensity of turbulence |
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When the PIREP involves icing, include what 2 things?
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1. Type and intensity of icing
2. Air temperature in which icing is occurring |
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All ATC specialists shall relay ______ PIREP information to concerned aircraft in a ___ ___.
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pertinent
timely manner |
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En Route ATC Specialists shall relay all ____ ____ PIREPs to the facility’s Weather Coordinator
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operationally significant
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Which en route position ensures that the sectors in the center, towers, and TRACONs are kept up-to- date on significant weather that may affect their areas of responsibility?
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The Weather Coordinator
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The elements listed on the PIREP form are called what?
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Text Element Indicators (TEIs).
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Items 1 through 5 are included in all transmitted PIREPs along with how manhy items 6 through 12?
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one or more
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UA /OV APE230010/TM 1516 /FL085/TP BE20
/SK BKN-TOP065/WX FV03SM BR/TA 02 /WV 23538KT/TB LGT/IC TRACE RIME/RM TCU W-NE Explain the above PIREP, |
1. UA
2. 10 miles southwest of Appleton VORTAC 3. 1516z 4. 8,500 ft 5. |
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Location is in reference to what?
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a Very High Frequency (VHF) NAVAID or an airport
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/OV SAV-PZD (Savanna, GA to Albany, GA) or
/OV KSAV-KPZD This is an example of what? |
Location: a route segment
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Where is Altitude reported?
and if unknown? If the aircraft was climbing or descending? |
From where the phenomenon was first encountered in hundreds of feet.
UNKN DURC/ DURD in REMARKS (12.) |
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Icing and turbulence reports shall always include what?
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the type aircraft.
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Solidus Example:
What does BKN024-TOP050/OVC068-TOPUNKN indicate? |
the base of a broken layer at 2,400 feet MSL, top at 5,000; base of overcast layer 6,800, top unknown.
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Cloud cover abbreviation reported as how?
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(FEW, SCT, etc.)
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Height of cloud BASES is reported as how?
if unknown? |
using three digits, in hundreds of feet MSL
(if unknown, use UNKN or for bases, leave blank) |
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Height of cloud TOPS is reported as how?
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in hundreds of feet, preceded by the word “-TOP”
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When more than one layer is reported, use a ____ to separate layers
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solidus
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How is Flight visibility reported?
If reported as unrestricted? |
Enter FV followed by a two-digit visibility value rounded down, if necessary, to the nearest whole statute mile and append “SM” (FV03SM).
Enter FV99SM |
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Outside air temperature is reported how?
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using two digits in degrees Celsius.
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How are Negative temperatures reported
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prefixed with an M
Example: M32 |
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How is wind reported?
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using three digits to indicate wind direction (magnetic) and two to three digits to indicate reported wind speed, and always appended with “KT”.
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How is intensity of turbulence reported?
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Intensity using contractions LGT, MOD, SEV, or EXTRM
CAT (Clear Air Turbulence) or CHOP will be included if reported by the pilot. |
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If turbulence was forecasted, but not encountered, it will be reported as what?
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NEG
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When will altitude be reported with Turbulence?
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Altitude will be reported only if it differs from value reported in /FL.
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When a layer of turbulence is reported, height values will be separated with _______. If lower or upper limits are not defined, ____ or _____ will be used
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a hyphen
BLO (below) or ABV (above) |
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Icing intensity is reported as how?
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Intensity is reported first using the word TRACE, or the contractions
LGT, MOD, or SEV. |
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Icing forecasted, but not encountered, is reported using what?
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NEG
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Icing type is reported as what?
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RIME, CLR, or MX
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When is icing/altitude reported?
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Icing/altitude reported only if different from the value reported in the
/FL. |
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A ____ is used to separate reported layers of icing.
___ or ____ is used when a layer is not defined. |
hyphen
ABV or BLO |
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When icing is reported, always report ______ in the /TA Text
Element Indicator (TEI) |
temperature
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What is included in the remarks section?
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Low-Level Wind Shear (LLWS) reports
Thunderstorm lines Coverage and movement Hail Lightning Dust storms Sandstorms Clouds observed, but not encountered; and Contrails. Hazardous weather is reported first. LLWS is described to the extent possible. |
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Winds aloft are reported as magnetic or true?
Winds on the ground? |
aloft is magnetic
ground is true |
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LLWS +/- KT
+20KT is a headwind or tailwind? -20KT? |
+20KT is a headwind
-20KT is a tailwind |
