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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What acts as an integrating center in a reflex arc which regulates arterial blood pressure? |
cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata (Medullary cardiovascular centers) |
Medullary ______ |
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What acts as a receptor in a reflex arc which regulates arterial blood pressure? |
baroreceptors in various arteries |
baro_____ |
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What is the main factor that causes filtration to occur at a capillary? |
capillary hydrostatic pressure |
_____ hydrostatic ______ |
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What occurs at the capillaries in the systemic circuit? |
1 - oxygen moves from the blood in the capillary into the interstital fluid 2- carbon dioxide moves from the interstital fluid into the blood in the capillary |
oxygen ( cap - int) carbon dioxide (int - cap) |
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What blood vessel type is the flow velocity the lowest? |
capillaries |
cap |
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What mechanisms is most important in creating blood flow in the veins? |
skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps (push blood toward the heart) |
skel____ mus___ and res ____ pumps |
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What is the enzyme which catalyzes the chemical reaction that turns fibrinogen into fibrin during hemostasis? |
thrombin |
thro____ |
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What is increased to reduce arterial blood pressure? |
increased parasympathetic stimulation to the heart |
parasymp______ |
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What blood vessel types have the lowest blood pressure? |
veins |
v_____ |
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What part(s) of the cardiovascular system contains the largest volume of blood? |
veins and venules |
v & v |
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an increase in venous return will cause an increase in cardiac output: T or F? |
True |
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absorption occurs at the venous end of a capillary while filtration occurs at the arterial end: T or F? |
True |
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If a tissue or organ becomes more metabolically active the blood flow to it increases due to |
active hyperemia |
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capillary hydrostatic pressure stays the same throughout the length of the capillary: T or F? |
False |
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capillary hydrostatic pressure always exceeds interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure: T or F? |
True |
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How does the blood pressure in the respiratory circuit compare to the blood pressure in the systemic circuit? |
blood pressure in the systemic circuit is higher than in the respiratory circuit |
sys > resp |
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Which of the below blood vessel types is the aorta?
muscular artery elastic artery vein arteriole |
elastic artery |
its an artery |
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What is compliance (in physiology)? |
how stretchable a blood vessel is |
stretch |
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Which of the below hormones is a vasodilator:
-antidiuretic hormone (ADH) -atrial natriuretic hormone (ANP) only -atrial natriuretic hormone and sometimes epinephrine -epinephrine only -angiotensin
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atrial natriuretic hormone and sometimes epinephrine |
There are 2 |
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What is pulse pressure (in physiology)? |
the difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure |
the diff ____ between .... |
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Which of the below factors DOES NOT affect venous blood pressure?
-stimulation of sympathetic neurons to smooth muscle in veins -respiratory pump -stimulation of parasympathetic neurons to smooth muscle in veins -skeletal muscle pump |
stimulation of parasympathetic neurons to smooth muscle in veins |
stim. of _______ |
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What law states that the pressure of a gas in a container is inversely proportional to its volume? |
Boyle's Law |
B______ |
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Which of the below chemical reactions is catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase?
A. CO2 + H2O >>> H+ + HCO3- B. CO2 + H2O >>> H2CO3 C. H2CO3 >>> H+ + HCO3- D. H2CO3 >>> CO2 + H2O |
B and D |
It can be more than one option. |
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How many iron atoms are present in one molecule of hemoglobin? |
four |
My Fav Number =-) |
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If the intrapleural pressure becomes equal to or higher than the alveolar pressure what will happen? |
the lungs will collapse |
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Which of the below substances can bind to hemoglobin?
oxygen carbon dioxide hydrogen ions (H+) |
All the above |
it can be more than one |
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What law states that the total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas? |
Dalton's Law |
D______ |
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If you inspire maximally and then expire maximally what is the name given to the volume of air you expire? |
vital capacity |
v____ capacity |
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What is the name given to the pressure in between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura? |
intrapleural pressure |
i______ |
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As temperature increases what will happen to the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen? |
it will decrease |
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What is the most important way that carbon dioxide is transported in the blood? |
in solution in the blood plasma as bicarbonate |
bicarbonate |
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Which of the below hormones/enzymes is NOT secreted by the kidney?
renin erythropoietin angiotensin 1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D |
angiotensin |
a__________ |
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What conditions stimulate the release of renin from the kidney? |
sodium depletion and low blood pressure |
depl _____ and l___ blood |
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What process occurs in the descending limb of the Loop of Henle? |
tubular reabsorption of water |
reabsorption of w_____ |
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Which of the below cell types can secrete renin?
mesangial cells macula densa juxtaglomerular cells podocytes |
juxtaglomerular cells |
jux________ |
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Where in the nephron does countercurrent multiplication occur? |
Loop of Henle |
loop of _______ |
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What is the purpose of the countercurrent multiplier system? |
creates a hyperosmolar environment in the renal medulla |
create hyper____ environment in the r_____ m______ |
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Which location in the nephron is responsible for filtration? |
glomerulus |
gl_________ |
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In which portion of the nephron does the majority of reabsorption occur? |
Proximal Convoluted Tubule |
PCT |
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What acts as a baroreceptor in the kidney? |
juxtaglomerular cells |
jux_______ |
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What is the process of moving a material from the filtrate in the renal tubule and into a peritubular capillary?
filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion |
tubular reabsorption |
reab_______ |
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T or F? Renin is a hormone secreted by the kidney. |
False |
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T or F? Dilation of the efferent arteriole will decrease the glomerular filtration rate. |
False |
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Which of the below directly causes sodium reabsorption in the renal tubule? |
aldosterone |
a_______ |
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What region of the renal tubules has variable tubular reabsorption of water? |
medullary collecting duct |
m c duct |
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T or F? Antidiuretic hormone is produced by the kidney. |
False |
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What is/are the effects of Angiotensin II? |
vasoconstriction and aldosterone release |
two things |
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T or F? Release of aldosterone from the suprarenal gland will result in an increase in blood pressure. |
true |
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T or F? Angiotensin II is a hormone produced by the kidney. |
False |
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What affect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the renal tubule? |
causes aquaporins to be inserted into cells in the medullary collecting ducts |
aquaporins insertion |
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What acts as a chemoreceptor in the nephron? |
macula densa |
m______ d________ |