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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
An artery is designed to allow exchange of materials with the surrounding tissue.
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false
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Diameter of arterioles are approximately 20 microns across, while capillaries have a diameter of 5-7 microns across (remember how big a red blood cell is).
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true
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Venous return (blood getting back to the heart) is dependent upon –
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Venous return (blood getting back to the heart) is dependent upon –the small amount of muscle tone that veins can generate Pumping action of the skeletal muscles adjacent to the veins One-way valves in the veins
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Edema (fluid increase in the area around the capillary beds) may be caused by which of the following:
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Edema (fluid increase in the area around the capillary beds) may be caused by which of the following:
A. B. C. An increase in central venous pressure Blood pooling (backing up) in the venous system of the body Gravitational forces on the cardiovascular system |
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Arteriosclerosis is a disease that reduces the compliance (increases the resistances) of the arterial system. Which of the symptoms below would be expected to appear?
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Arteriosclerosis is a disease that reduces the compliance (increases the resistances) of the arterial system. Which of the symptoms below would be expected to appear?
A. B. C. systolic pressure increases An increased craving for McDonald’s Hamburgers diastolic pressure decrease |
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Venous pressure in the legs is higher because of hydrostatic pressure due to gravity.
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true
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For regulating blood flow to capillaries, the vessels that are the most important for reducing the pressure of fluid going towards these capillaries is
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arterioles
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Normal reabsorption and filtration within the capillaries is dependent upon the changing hydrostatic (fluid) pressures of the plasma
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True
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The venous component of the cardiovascular system holds the largest percentage of the total blood volume.
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true
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Holding the hydrostatic pressure gradient constant and increasing the protein concentration within interstitial space would -
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Holding the hydrostatic pressure gradient constant and increasing the protein concentration within interstitial space would -
enhance the outward movement of fluid |
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The “sympathetic nervous system” innervates small arteries and arterioles, not metarterioles and capillaries.
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true
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Normal reabsorption and filtration within the capillaries is dependent upon the changing hydrostatic (fluid) pressures of the plasma.
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true
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In capillaries, if oxygen concentration decreases, the smooth muscle sphincters in that area will not be able to contract, allowing more blood flow into the area. This is an example of the -
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In capillaries, if oxygen concentration decreases, the smooth muscle sphincters in that area will not be able to contract, allowing more blood flow into the area. This is an example of the -
Oxygen-Demand Theory |
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Intrinsic (local) control of arteriole/capillary blood flow refers to the fact that _______________.
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D. arterioles/capillary respond to local factors to regulate blood flow
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Increases in the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system will affect __________.
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the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes exclusively
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Venous pressure in the legs is higher because of hydrostatic pressure due to gravity.
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true
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As pressure in capillaries and small arterioles increases the pushing and friction (Shear Forces) on the walls of these vessels a chemical signal is sent back to the arterioles and arteries to dilate. This signal has been identified as _________________.
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nitric oxide
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Histamine is released by cells involved in the immune response to cause capillary permeability to ________ and smooth muscle sphincters to ____________.
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increase / dilate
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The cardiovascular system usually has a “sympathetic tone” consistently regulating blood pressure.
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true
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an increase in vasoconstriction of vein reservoirs will increase the amount of fluid in the heart (stroke volume) and fluid pump out of the heart (cardiac output).
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true
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Renin secretion from the Juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus is dependent on
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NaCl concentration in the distal tubule
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The loss of glucose in the urine is an example of -
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Glucose exchangers in the walls of the nephron being overwhelmed (saturated)
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In the nephron, water reabsorption is by simple diffusion in the proximal convoluted tubule and descending loop of henle; while water is not necessarily permeable to the walls of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts (permeable only if Antidiuretic hormone secretion).
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true
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Which part of the nephron reabsorbs the largest quantity of the glomerular filtrate?
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Proximal convoluted tubule
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Potassium concentrations can be low during times of dehydration. What is one of the main reasons for this?
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c. Increased Na+/K+ ATPase activity in the walls of the nephron
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Poisoning (disabling) Na+/K+ pump activity in cells of the proximal convoluted tubule will -
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Generate an increase in the amount of urine produced (diuresis)
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Using the graph to the right as a reference, what is happening to Sodium (Na+) in the proximal tubule.
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Na+ concentration remains the same because water and Na+ are
being reabsorbed together |
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In the thick loop of Henle (Ascending) Na+, K+ and Cl- concentrations decrease because either the ion(s) are being pumped out of the tubule lumen (reabsorbed) and/or water is not permeable to the tubule wall.
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true
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Using the graph to the right explain, using the choices below, what is happening to Glucose in the proximal tubule?
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Glucose is being reabsorbed.
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10. T or F: The concentration of PAH in the thick loop of Henle is getting smaller because it is being reabsorbed from the nephron.
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false
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1. In the model for quiet, relaxed breathing, the breathing rhythm is maintained by the _____________.
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A. inspiratory neurons in the dorsal respiratory center
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2. Which factors listed below affect Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen (O2)?
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2,3
BPG pH Temperature. |
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3. Surfactant secretion is vital for-
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C. Reducing surface tension within the alveoli.
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4. The enzyme necessary to convert H2O and CO2 to H2CO2 is
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B. Carbonic Anhydrase.
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5. Central chemoreceptors are neurons in the medulla that respond directly to changes in __________.
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pH levels outside of the blood vessels
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The most plentiful gas in our atmosphere is nitrogen.
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true
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The inspiratory neurons of the dorsal respiratory center stimulate motor neurons in the phrenic nerve, which stimulates contraction of the diaphragm.
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true
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Exercise will cause the hemoglobin dissociation curve to move to the right showing that affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is dropping and therefore more oxygen is free for the tissues to use.
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true
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Peripheral chemoreceptors associated with respiration are mainly sensitive to O2 partial pressures.
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true
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Not studying the night before the quiz will most likely cause the hemoglobin dissociation curve to move to the left during the test; showing that affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is dropping and therefore more oxygen is free for the tissues to use.
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false
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