Physio Ch 2-3

Front 1

list the four nucleotides found in mRNA

Back 1

adenine,uracil,guanine, cytosine

Front 2

explain the difference between intron and exon

Back 2

extron-coding segment

intron-excess bases 0 coding

Front 3

describe the role of tRNA in protein assembly

Back 3

carries amino acids to mRNA for translation

Front 4

describe the events of protein translation that occur on the surface of a ribosome

Back 4

1) mRNA leaves nucleus

2)mRNA ataches to ribosome

3)tRNA with appropriate anticodon carries in specific amino acid

4)adjacents amino acids are linked by peptide bonds

5)a termination sequence is reaches

Front 5

describe the pathway that leads to the secretion of proteins from cells

Back 5

From the RER to the lumen of ER

transport vesicles then move them to Golgi complex

Packaged for transport

Front 6

list the four factors that influence the rate of a chemical reaction and state whether increasing the factor increase/decrease the reaction

Back 6

ALL INCREASE

temperature

PH

[ ] of cofactors and coenzymes:

[ ] of enzyme and substrate

Front 7

5 characteristics of enzymes

Back 7

1) structure determines function

2) 3D shape

3) not changed by reaction

4) don't change the nature of reaction

5) lower the activation energy of the reaction

Front 8

list three ways to alter the rate of an enzyme-mediated reaction

Back 8

1)catalytic rate

2)concentration

3) enzyme-reactant activity

Front 9

the triplet code G-T-A in DNa will be transcribed into mRNA as _______ and the anticodon in the tRNA corresponding to C-A-U is _____.

Back 9

C-A-U

G-T-A

Front 10

how does a chemical catalyst increase the rate of a reaction

Back 10

by decreasing the energy of activation

Front 11

RNA synthesis from a DNA template is called

Back 11

transcription

Front 12

which of these are functions of the Golgi apparatus

Back 12

modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

Front 13

free ribosomes differ from membrane-bound ribosomes in the free ribosomes specialize in synthesizing proteins for export(secretion) from the cell

Back 13

False

Front 14

consider the reaction:

H2CO3 -> CO2 + H2O + 4 kcal/mol

what is true about this?

Back 14

the reaction is catabolic and the energy content of the products are equal to that of the reactant

Front 15

temperature within optimum range will?

Back 15

slow the reaction

Front 16

inhibitor present will?

Back 16

slow the reaction

Front 17

ample number of coenzymes will?

Back 17

speed the reaction

Front 18

the substance upon which an enzymes acts is called a

Back 18

substrate

Front 19

in living organisms, catalysts are______

Back 19

enzymes and proteins

Front 20

list the steps of translation in the correct order as they occur:

A) tRNA anticodon binds to complementary mRNA codon

B) new amino acid is linked to the growing peptide chain

C) ribosome binds to mRNA

D) tRNA released from ribosome, available to pick up another amino acid

Back 20

C A B D

Front 21

phosphorylation involves

Back 21

addition of phosphate group

Front 22

indicate the difference between human DNA and RNA

Back 22

RNA contains ribose whereas DNA contains deoxyribose

RNA consists of only one nucleotide chain whereas DNA is a double helix

Front 23

what is the function of DNA? RNA?

Back 23

DNA codes for proteins

RNA carries the blueprint for proteins to ribosomes to be made into proteins

Front 24

what is the characteristic of codons?

Back 24

-are base triplets

-code for amino acids

-are complementary to anicodons

-are 3-base sequences of mRNA

Front 25

the genetic information in a mRNA molecule is translated into proteins on cellular components called____

Back 25

Free ribosomes-produce proteins for inside cell

Membrane-bound proteins-produce proteins for outside cell

Front 26

the process of influencing chemical bonds to lower the activation energy of a reaction is called?

Back 26

catalysis

Front 27

the type of RNA molecule that acts as the link between an amino acid and the mRNA codon is the ______

Back 27

tRNA

Front 28

the Golgi apparatus packages cellular products that will be exported from the cell into structures called?

Back 28

secretory vesicles

Front 29

with reference to catalytic reactions the lock-and-key model refers to the fact that the active site of ________ perfectly fits the ______ just like a specific key fits into a lock

Back 29

Enzyme

Substrate

Front 30

what statements are true regarding the naming of enzymes

Back 30

names end with an "ase"

names are based on the job or role of the enzyme

Front 31

ribosomes play an important role in transcription.

Back 31

false

Front 32

consider the following scenario:

two reactants, A and B, combine to form product C. Under the correct conditions, C can degrade back to A and B. this entire scenario is an example of a _______ chemical reaction.

Back 32

reversible

Front 33

the information coded in the total DNA of an organism is referrers to as its ______

Back 33

genome

Front 34

the process of reading an mRNA molecule and synthesizing the protein encoded in its nucleotide sequence is known as _______

Back 34

translation

Front 35

what is true about the regulation of enzyme activity in cells?

Back 35

cells do not regulate the activity of enzymes

Front 36

in an enzymatic reaction, substrates on one side of the equation are converted into _____, but the enzyme remains unaltered.

Back 36

products

Front 37

reactions in which organic molecules are synthesized out of smaller precursor molecules are referred to as ______ reactions.

Back 37

anabolic

Front 38

catabolism is?

Back 38

the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones

Front 39

RNA directly involved in producing proteins are : ribosomal RNA, _____RNA and ____RNA

Back 39

tRNA and mRNA

Front 40

the rate of enzyme-mediated reactions can be changed by?

Back 40

a change in enzyme activity

Front 41

a reaction in which a portion of a complex molecule is transferred to ADP to form ATP is referred to as __________

Back 41

phosphorylation

Front 42

a 3-base sequence of mRNA is called a _____

Back 42

codon

Front 43

the sum of all chemical reaction occurring in the body is termed

Back 43

metabolism

Front 44

the most general term used to describe the process of formation or degradation of molecules is _______ reaction

Back 44

chemical

Front 45

if someone were to mention "lock-and-key" in reference to enzymes, you would know that she means that:

Back 45

the enzyme will only work with a specific substrate

Front 46

DNA is a polymer of ________

Back 46

Nucleotides

Front 47

nucleosides are composed of ______ and ______

Back 47

sugar and nitrogenous base