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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
conduction
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when 2 substances are in direct contact
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convection
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energy/heat of the air around you
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radiation
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energy/heat that doesn't meed a medium to pass through
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how is temp. and KE related?
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faster the particles move, hotter the substance
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temperature measures ___
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average KE of the particles in a substance
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latent heat
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heat needed to vaporize or steam a substance
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how a microwave works
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heats up the substance inside due to mass, temperature, and volume. translation, rotational, and vibrational.
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principle of conservation of energy takes internal energy into account
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mechanical energy not always conserved. when change in internal energy is taken into account along with changes in KE and PE, total energy is conserved
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Phase change
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when a substance changes from states (gas, solid, liquid) and there is no temp. change during these phase changes
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80 C pan placed on block of 15 C porcelain. What can you say about temp of the objects when they are in thermal equilibrium?
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due to conduction, since they are in direct contact, the thermal equilibrium will be somewhere inbetween 80 C and 15 C
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thermal expansion and thermometer relation
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thermal expansion makes alcohol or mercury substance in thermometer either expand or shrink according to colder or warmer temperatures, therefore showing us the 'temperature' of the substance
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how does a thermometer indicate the temperature of an object?
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when you put the thermometer in lets say water, the heat/coldness of the water will make the alcohol or mercury inside the thermometer either expand or shrink, showing us the temperature. (shrink for cold, expand for heat)
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geothermal heating system in summer and winter
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Winter: ground is cold. air from house goes down into heating system and heat is transferred from cold to hot, then the hot air will rise to the house.
Summer: ground is hot. air from house goes down into heating system and transfers heat so new colder air will rise to the house. |
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Direction energy is transferred as heat between two objects at different temperatures
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from object of higher temperature to lower temperature
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materials that easily transfer energy as heat
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conductional materials
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position of oscillating mass-spring system when KE of mass is at its maximum
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at equilibrium of the cycle
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stretched or compressed spring stores ____ potential energy
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elastic
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Top of a waveform called __
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crest
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distance between the top of a wave and equilibrium
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amplitude
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why it's possible for two waves passing through a medium to occupy the same space at the same time
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they are displacements of matter
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term k in Felastic=-kx represents
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spring constant
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longitudinal wave motion
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particles of the wave vibrate parallel to the direction of the waves motion
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principle stating that two waves combine when they meet
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superposition
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transverse wave motion
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particles of the wave vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the waves motion
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mechanical waves require a ______ to pass through
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medium
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feature of a wave that increases when the source of vibration increases in energy
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amplitude
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why is a can not moved when a boat produces a wave that passes the can floating in a lake
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the boat is creating a standing wave that is unmoving
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motion of a metronome is an example of what motion?
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simple harmonic motion
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term that describes the measure of useful energy taken out of a process relative to the total energy put into the process
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efficiency
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how energy is transferred as heat during the part of an engine cycle when the engine does work on the environment and during the part of the cycle when work is done on the engine
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heat compressed and taken in, ignited, expanded, exhausted, and then goes out as fuel. engine does work on the environment when heat is taken in. Work is done on the engine when heat is exhausted as fuel.
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Why must work be done to reduce entropy in most systems?
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or else the entropy will become to large. doing work reduces the entropy in systems, keeping them at a normal and easily controllable factor.
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what happens when work is done on a gas confined in a cylinder with a piston?
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volume of gas decreases
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When a mechanic pushes down very quickly on the plunger of an insulated pump so that no air escapes, the thermal dynamic process that takes place is ______. what type of energy transfer and change occurs?
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adiabatic. no energy is transferred into or out of the system as heat. Work is done on the air in the system, causing the internal energy of the air to increase
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how heat and work are similar
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both are energies transferred to or from a system
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adiabatic process
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work is done on or by a system, but no energy is transferred to or from the system as heat
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isovolumetric process
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no work is done on or by the system because of a no volume change
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how can the internal energy of a system be increased
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when there is heat transferred as energy in a system or energy added to the system as heat
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adiabatic process
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Q=0, so U=-W
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isothermal
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constant temperature so internal energy of a system remains unchanged
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isothermal
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T=0, so U=0; therefore U=Q-W=0 or Q=W
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way heat is transferred
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high to low
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can heat ever be completely converted into work?
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no
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increase in temperature of a gas that is kept at constant volume means energy has been _____
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added as heat to the gas
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when a systems disorder increases, there is _____________
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less energy available to do work
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increases in entropy are always _______ than the decreases
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greater
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if a heat engine has an efficiency of 50%, does the amount of energy exhausted as heat equal the energy added to the engine as heat?
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no
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cyclic process
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system returns to the same conditions under which it started
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isovolumetric
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constant volume so that no work is done on or by the system
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isolated system
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Q=W=0, so U=0 and Ui=Uf
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what gas quantity increases when it does positive work on its surroundings?
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volume
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work done for a cycle of a heat engine
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Wnet=Qh-Qc
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isovolumetric process
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V=0, so PV=0 and W=0; therefore, U=Q
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high temperature is related to
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high particle kinetic energy
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temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of ice and water
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273 K
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relationship between two systems in thermal equilibrium
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no net energy exchanged
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cause of substance's temperature increase
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KE is added to particles of the substance
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form of KE that occurs within a molecule when bonds are stretched or bent
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vibrational
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heat
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transfer of energy
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during a phase change, temperature _____________
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remains constant
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as temperature of a substance increases, its volume tends to increase due to _______
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thermal expansion
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fewest number of nodes a standing wave can have
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2
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transverse wave
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particles of the medium vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of the waves motion
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compressed or stretched spring has which kind of energy?
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elastic potential
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type of wave produced if free end of a rope fixed to a post is quickly raised and lowered once
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pulse wave
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vibration of an object about an equilibrium point is called simple harmonic motion when the restoring force is proportional to
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displacement
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at max displacement, the spring force and the _____________
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acceleration reach a max
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standing waves are produced by periodic waves of
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the same frequency, amplitude, and wavelength traveling in opposite directions
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a mass attached to a spring vibrates back and forth. At equilibrium ,
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velocity reaches a max
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number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time
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frequency
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time required to complete a cycle of motion
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period
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