Physical Science Semester Review

Front 1

Venus

Back 1

Carbon dioxide in this planet's atmosphere has caused a strong greenhouse effect producing very high surface temperatures.

Front 2

Jupiter

Back 2

This is the largest planet in our solar system and has the most moons.

Front 3

Pluto

Back 3

A Dwarf planet that was once considered the 9th planet

Front 4

Heliocentric

Back 4

A model of the solar system in which the Sun is at the center

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Geocentric

Back 5

A model of the solar system in which the Earth is at the center

Front 6

Europa

Back 6

A moon considered to be the most promising location in our solar system to look for extraterrestrial life

Front 7

Rotation

Back 7

The movement of a planet on around an axis.

Front 8

Revolution

Back 8

The movement of a planet or moon along an orbit around another object (i.e. earth around the sun or moon around the earth)

Front 9

Summer solstice

Back 9

The point at which the sun reaches its greatest distance north of the equator. In the northern hemisphere its called...

Front 10

Winter solstice

Back 10

The point at which the sun reaches the greatest distance south of the equator. In the northern hemisphere its called the

Front 11

Crater

Back 11

depressions on the moon's surface, sometimes filled with lava called maria.

Front 12

solar eclipse

Back 12

when the moon moves directly between the Sun and the Earth and creates a shadow on the Earth.

Front 13

Lunar eclipse

Back 13

When the Earth moves directly between the Sun and the Earth creates a shadow on the moon.

Front 14

Tide

Back 14

the rise and fall of sea level produced by the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon

Front 15

Work

Back 15

the energy transferred when a force makes an object move.

Front 16

Power

Back 16

A measure of the amount of work or energy transferred in a certain amount of time.

Front 17

Efficiency

Back 17

Ratio of output work done by the machine o input work done on the machine. Expressed as a percent.

Front 18

Friction

Back 18

a force that opposes the sliding motion between objects in contact (results in output work being less than input work).

Front 19

Mechanical advantage

Back 19

the number of times a machine multiplies the force applied to it. Ratio of output force exerted by machine to the input force applied to the machine.

Front 20

Energy

Back 20

the ability to do work

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Potential Energy

Back 21

stored energy.

Front 22

Kinetic energy

Back 22

energy of motion. 1/2 mass times velocity squared.

Front 23

mechanical energy

Back 23

the total amount of kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy added together.

Front 24

Law of Conservation of Energy

Back 24

Law states that energy can never be created or destroyed.

Front 25

Gravity

Back 25

the attractive force between any two objects (depends on mass and distance)

Front 26

Inertia

Back 26

the tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion

Front 27

Second law of Motion

Back 27

F= ma The law states that a net force causes an object to accelerate in the direction of the net force.

Front 28

Newton's 3rd law

Back 28

Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Front 29

momentum

Back 29

property of a moving object that equals its mass times its velocity. When two objects collide, it is conserved.

Front 30

Earth

Back 30

3rd planet from the sun. Only known plant to support life and have water on its surface as a gas, liquid and solid.

Front 31

equinox

Back 31

When the sun is directly above the Earth's equator and the number of daylight hours equals the number of night time hours. Occurs twice yearly (spring and fall)

Front 32

Maria

Back 32

relatively flat, dark-colored regions on the Moon's surface.

Front 33

mars

Back 33

Fourth planet from the Sun; called the red planet because of high concentrations of iron oxide.

Front 34

Mercury

Back 34

closest planet to the sun; has a larger than expected iron core and minimal atmosphere.

Front 35

Neptune

Back 35

8th planet from the sun; appears blue because of the atmospheric methane.

Front 36

Saturn

Back 36

second-largest and sixth planet from the sun; has the most complex system of rings.

Front 37

seasons

Back 37

changes in weather, ecology and hours of daylight caused by Earth's rotation and revolution and the tilt of its axis.

Front 38

Uranus

Back 38

seventh planet from the Sun; appears blue/green from atmospheric methane; its axis of rotation is tilted on its side.