Physical Science Review G8

Front 1

Contrast elements, compounds and mixtures

Back 1

element consists of only type of atom, compound is substance containing atoms of two or more different elements chemically bound together, mixtures are matter that can vary in composition

Front 2

Define physical and chemical properties of matter

Back 2

Chemical property: the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances.
Physical property: a characteristic of matter that you can observe or measure without changing the the identity of the matter

Front 3

What are the three common phases in which matter can exist?

Back 3

Solid, liquid and gas, depending on the temperature of the substance.

Front 4

What are the basic characteristics of solids, liquids and gases, in terms of volume and shape?

Back 4

Solids: have a definite shape and volume
Liquids: have definite volume but not definite shape.
Gases: has no definite volume or shape

Front 5

Define chemical change and give an example.

Back 5

Def: a change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into other substances with different chemical and physical properties - rusting, burning, cooking.

Front 6

What are signs that a chemical change has occurred?

Back 6

A change in odor or color, production of bubbles (gas), energy release (heat or light), a change that can be detected by your senses.

Front 7

Define physical change and give an example.

Back 7

Def: a change in the size, shape, form, or state of matter that does not change the matter's identity - ice melting, breaking something into smaller pieces, dissolving salt in water.

Front 8

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Back 8

This law states that the mass of the products must equal the mass of the reactants in any chemical reaction. i.e. "You have to end with the same amount you started with."

Front 9

What are the three main classifications of elements on the periodic table?

Back 9

Metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

Front 10

What are some of the characteristics of metals? Give an example.

Back 10

are generally shiny, easily pulled into wires (ductile) or hammered into shapes (malleable), are good conductors of heat and electricity - e.g. iron, copper, tin, aluminium, silver, gold

Front 11

What are some of the characteristics of a nonmetal? Give an example.

Back 11

are generally dull in luster, brittle (they break easily), and are poor conductors of heat and electricity - e.g. carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, iodine

Front 12

What is a metalloid? Give an example.

Back 12

have the physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals - e.g. boron, silicon, arsenic

Front 13

What is velocity?

Back 13

the speed and direction of a moving object

Front 14

What is motion?

Back 14

the process of changing position

Front 15

Define position, in regards to physics.

Back 15

an object's distance and direction from a reference point

Front 16

The description of an object's position depends on what?

Back 16

It's reference point

Front 17

State Newton's first law of motion

Back 17

If the net force on an object is zero, the motion of the object will not change.

Front 18

Describe an object's motion when the forces acting on it are balanced.

Back 18

When the net force on an object is zero, there is no change in the object's motion - whether it is at rest or in motion

Front 19

Describe an object's motion when the forces acting on it are unbalanced.

Back 19

When there is a net force acting on an object at rest it begins to move, when a net force acts on an object that is already moving, then the speed, direction or both change

Front 20

Define gravity.

Back 20

an attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass.

Front 21

What is the "Law of Universal Gravitation"?

Back 21

all objects are attracted to each other by a gravitational force

Front 22

What determines the strength of gravitational force?

Back 22

the mass of the objects and the distance between them

Front 23

Distinguish between mass and weight.

Back 23

Mass the amount of matter an object contains.
Weight is the gravitational force exerted on the object.

Front 24

In what direction are all objects that have mass on and around the earth pulled?

Back 24

Toward the center of the earth.

Front 25

Define vibration.

Back 25

a rapid, back and forth motion that can occur in solids, liquids, and gases

Front 26

Define longitudinal wave.

Back 26

a wave that makes the particles in the material that carries the wave move back and forth along the direction the wave travels

Front 27

How do sound waves move through matter?

Back 27

Through a series of compressions and rarefactions.

Front 28

Define compression, in regard to waves.

Back 28

a region of a longitudinal wave where the particles in the medium are closest together

Front 29

Define rarefaction, in regard to waves.

Back 29

a region of a longitudinal wave where the particles are the farthest apart

Front 30

What are three types of mechanical waves?

Back 30

sound, water, seismic

Front 31

What two factors affect the speed of sound waves?

Back 31

the density and the stiffness of the material

Front 32

In which of the following does sound travel the fastest, the slowest? air, glass, seawater

Back 32

fastest in glass
slowest in air

Front 33

Define transmission in regard to light waves.

Back 33

the passage of light through an object

Front 34

Define reflection in regard to waves.

Back 34

the bouncing of a wave off a surface

Front 35

Define absorption in regard to waves.

Back 35

the transfer of energy by a wave to the medium through which it travels

Front 36

Define refraction in regard to waves.

Back 36

the change in direction of a wave that occurs as the wave changes speed when moving from one medium to another

Front 37

If you were to look at red and green crayons with a red light, what colors would they be? Explain.

Back 37

The red crayons would be red because it reflects the red light, the green crayons would be black because there is no green light to reflect back to your eye

Front 38

Which of the colors of white light does a black object reflect?

Back 38

none of them

Front 39

Define temperature.

Back 39

the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material

Front 40

Define thermal energy.

Back 40

the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the particles that make up a material

Front 41

Define heat

Back 41

the movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler one

Front 42

At what point does the transfer of thermal energy (heating) between two objects stop?

Back 42

When they become the same temperature.

Front 43

State the law of conservation of energy.

Back 43

energy can be transformed from one form into another or transferred from one region to another, but energy cannot be created or destroyed

Front 44

What are the energy transfers that occur when you make popcorn in a microwave oven?

Back 44

Electrical to radiant (inside the microwave) and radiant to thermal (inside the popcorn kernals)

Front 45

What are the energy transfers involved in an electric generator?

Back 45

it use a magnetic field to transform mechanical energy to electric energy