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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. What is VdotO2?
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a. Rate of O2 consumption
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how does VdotO2 change with exercise?
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a. Increases linearly with work rate up to VO2 max
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what mechanisms play a role in changing VdotO2?
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a. Increased ventilation
b. Increased CO c. Increased muscle O2 extraction |
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in a normal person what limits VdotO2max?
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Cardiac Output
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6. As maximum Q increases, what happens to VO2 max?
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a. It increases
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7. When can the lung limit VO2max?
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a. In athletes
b. Lung can limit VO2max during severe exercise in athletes c. Get exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia i. Decreased SaO2 close to VO2max ii. Can be overcome by breathing higher [O2] d. To try and maintain VO2max, highly trained athletes will have excessive respiratory muscle work i. This will actually consume some of the VO2 (taking it away from striated muscle) |
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8. How does muscle O2 extraction increase VO2 max
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a. O2 extraction’ depends on rate of O2 diffusion from capillary to mitochondria
i. Fick’s Law b. Training → ↑ muscle diffusive capacity → i. ↑ VO2 MAX |
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11. Onset of muscle fatigue dependent on?
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a. Fiber type
i. Can be altered with training (think sprint vs. distance) b. Accumulation of K+, lactate c. Reduction of pH d. Depletion of glycogen, PCr |
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12. When does exhaustion occur more rapidly?
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a. Nearer the VO2max
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14. Discuss the differences in women with respect to VO, muscle mass, body fat, Hb, and power output
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a. VO2 MAX is 8-12% lower
b. ↓ muscle mass and ↑ body fat c. ↓ Hb levels d. Power output for same VO2 not different e. Thus i. To achieve same power output requires working at a higher % of VO2 MAX 1. Anaerobic Threshold occurs at ↓ power outputs in women |
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15. What happens to VO2max with age?
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a. It decreases
b. What about with trained athletes? i. 2 things: will be more sedentary AND will decrease due to age…sorry |
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What does training do to VdotO2 max? What does this mean about the lactate threshold?
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Increases it
will take longer to get to anarobic threshold, so you have resistance to fatigue |
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18. What are the cardiovascular effects of training?
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a. VO2 MAX = HROPT x SVOPT x (a-v O2 difference)MAX
i. Maximal Q is increased ii. Resting HR is lowered but maximal HR is unchanged iii. Maximal SV increases iv. Modest reduction in BP |
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19. What happens to stroke volume during training? How? What is a possible side effect?
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a. It increases
b. Via plasma expansion i. Increases preload and EDV c. Side effect: reduces hematocrit i. SPORTS ANEMIA |
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how do new capillaries and oxidative enzymes enhance O2 extraction?
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Capillaries: decrease diffusion distance and increase muscle blood flow
Oxidative enzymes: increase PO2 gradient, increase rate of O2 diffusion |
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the increase in maximum cardiac output seen with training is mainly due to an increase in what?
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maximal stroke volume
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What does exercise training do to insulin?
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increases its sensitivity by increasing receptor protein, glucose transporters etc. Good for Type 2 diabetes
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what does exercise do to bone density?
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increases it
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what does exercise do to leukocyte and lymphocyte concentrations?
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increases
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