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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Skeletal System Functions |
2. Protects internal organs
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Skeletal System Structure
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1. Bones, joints, connective tissue |
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Flat Bones
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Rib bones and most skull (cranial) bones |
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Irregular Bones
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Back bones (vertebrae) and some facial bones |
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Long Bone
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Leg (femur, tibia, fibula), arm (humerus, radius, ulna), and hand bones
(metacarpals, phalanges) |
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Short Bone
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Wrist (carpals) and ankle bones (tarsals)
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Skeletal System Disroders
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1. Arthritis
2. Bursitis 3. Gout 4. Osteomyelitis 5. Osteochondritis 6. Osteoporosis 7. Rickets 8. tumors |
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Lab Tests
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1. Alkaline phosphatase
2. Calcium 3. CBC (Complete Blood Count) 4. ESR (Erytrhocyte Sedimentation Rate) 5. Phosphorus 6. Synovial fluid analysis 7. Uric acid 8. Vitamin D |
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Muscular System Functions
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1. Movement
2. Maintain posture 3. Produce heat 4. Organ function 5. Blood circulation |
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Muscular System Structures
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1. Muscles |
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Muscular System Disorders
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1. Atrophy
2. Muscular dystrophy 3. Myalgia 4. Tendinitis |
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Muscular System Lab Tests
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1. Autoimmune antibodies
2. Creatine phosphokinase (CK) 3. CK isoenyzmes 4. Lactic acid 5. Lactic dehydrogenase (LD) 6. Myoglobin |
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Integumentary System Functions
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Protects body from bacterial invasion, dehydration, harmful rays of sun, regulates body temperature, eliminates waste (sweat), manufactures vitamin D
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Integumentary System Structures
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Skin, oil and sweat glands, hair, nails, and blood vessels, nerves, sensory organs within the skin
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Integumentary System: Layers of Skin
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1. Epidermis
2. Dermis 3. Subcutaneous |
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Integumentary System: Major Structures of Skin
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1. Hair follicles (keratin)
2. Nails (keratin) 3. Sebaceous glands (sebum) 4. Sudoriferous glands (sweat glands) 5. Arrector Pili |
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Integumentary System: Disorders
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1. Acne
2. Cancer 3. Dermatitis 4. Fungal Infections 5. Herpes 6. Impetigo 7. Pediculosis 8. Psoriasis |
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Integumentary System: Lab Tests
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1. Skin biopsy
2. fungal culture 3. microbiology culture 4. tissue culture |
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Nervous System: Functions
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Controls activities of body systems by means of electrical impulses and chemical substances
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Nervous System: Structures
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Neuron, CNS, PNS
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Nervous System: Disroders
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Epilepsy, Encephalitis, Meningitis, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease
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Nervous System: Lab Tests
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CSF analysis, Cholinesterase, Dilantin
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Endocrine System: Functions
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1. Ductless glands that secrete hormones
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Endocrine System: Structures
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Pituitary gland |
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Endocrine System: Pituitary Hormones and Functions (Brain)
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1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Stimulates adrenal glands
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Endocrine System: Pituitary Disorders and Lab Tests
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Acromegaly (GH Test) |
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Endocrine System: Thyroid Hormones (Throat Near Larynx)
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1. Calcitonin Regulates calcium levels in blood
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Endocrine System: Thyroid Disorders
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1. Hypothyroidism
Congenital, Cretinism, Myxedema 2. Hyperthyroidism Goiter, Graves disease |
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Endocrine System: Thyroid Lab Tests
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1. Triiodothyronine (T3) Increases metabolic rate
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Endocrine System: Parathyroid (throat-behind thyroid)
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Regulates calcium and phosphorus |
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Endocrine System: Parathyroid Disorders
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Hypersecretion
Hyposecretion PTH |
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Endocrine System: Adrenal Glands (Kidney)
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1. Epinephrine (adrenalin) Increases blood pressure, heart activity, metabolism, release of glucose
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Endocrine System: Adrenal Disorders
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1 Addison's disease |
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Endocrine System: Adrenal Lab Tests
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1. Aldosterone
2. Cortisol |
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Endocrine System: Islets of Langerhans (Pancreas)
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1. Insulin: Regulates glucose levels |
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Endocrine System: Pancreatic Disorders
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Diabetes Mellitus |
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Endocrine System: Pancreatic Lab Tests
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1. Glucose
2. Glucose Tolerance Test 3. Insulin, Glucagon |
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Digestive System: Functions
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Provides the means by which body takes in food, breaks it down into usable components
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Digestive System: Structures
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Mouth, pharynx, throat, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines
(Lips, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder) |
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Digestive System: Disroders
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Appendicitis
Cholecystitis Colitis Diverticulosis Gastritis Hepatitis Pancreatitis Peritonitis Ulcer |
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Digestive System: Tests
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Gastic analysis |
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Digestive System: Tests
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Gastic analysis
Occult blood Ova and parasites Amylase, lipase Ammonia, bilirubin Cholesterol, triglycerides Glucose, glucose tolerance test CEA |
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Reproductive System: Function
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Produces gametes, spermatozoa, ova
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Reproductive System: Structures
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Gonads
A. Female:
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Reproductive System: Disorders
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Cervical cancer |
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Reproductive System: Tests
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Acid phosphatase |
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Urinary System: Function
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Filters & eliminates waste products from blood (urine)
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Urinary System: Structures
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Kidneys |
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Urinary System: Disorders
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Nephritis |
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Urinary System: Lab Tests
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BUN |
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Respiratory System: Function
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Deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide (Respiration) |
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Respiratory System: Structures
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Nose
pharynx larynx trachea bronchi lungs alveolar ducts alveoli surfactant |
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Respiratory System: Disrorders
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Apnea |
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Respiratory System: Lab Tests
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Arterial Blood Gases Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2) Sputum Culture Acid Fast Bacillus culture/smear |
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Circulatory System: Function
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Transportation route for oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and waste products to excretory organs, aids in coagulation process, assists in defending body against disease, and regulates body temperature |
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Circulatory System: Structures
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Heart Blood Blood vessels Lymph Lymph vessels Lymph nodes |
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Circulatory System: Heart |
1. Pericardium: fluid-filled sac
epicardium
right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle
superior and inferior vena cava pulmonary artery aorta
tricuspid bicuspid mitral |
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Circulatory System: Heart |
6. Coronary Arteries: blood supply to heart (nutrients and oxygen)
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Circulatory System: Heart
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9. Cardiac Cycle: one complete contraction and subsequent relaxation of heart
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Circulatory System: Heart
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13. Heart rate: number of heartbeats per minute (72)
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Circulatory System: Heart
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19. Blood pressure: a measure of the force exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels
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Circulatory System: Heart Disorders
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Angina Pectoris |
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Circulatory System: Heart Lab Tests
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ABGs
AST Cholesterol CK CKMB LD Troponi Myoglobin Digoxin |
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Circulatory System: Vascular Functions
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circulates blood, pulmonary and systemic circulation
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Circulatory System: Vascular Structures
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arteries, veins, capillaries
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Circulatory System: Vascular Veins
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median cubital, cephalic, basilic
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Circulatory System: Vascular Arteris
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radial, brachial, femoral
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Circulatory System: Vascular Disorders
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Aneurysm, Atherosclerosis, Embolism, Phlebitis
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Circulatory System: Blood Serum
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no clotting factors
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Circulatory System: Blood Plasma
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contains clotting factors
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Circulatory System: Formed Elements of Blood Cells
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1. Erythrocytes: contain hemoglobin which transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
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Circulatory System: Blood Lab Tests
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CBC
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Circulatory System: Hemostasis |
Hemostasis is the process by which the body stops the leakage of blood from the vascular system after injury
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Circulatory System: Hemostasis
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Liver: most coag factors are produced in liver |
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Circulatory System: Hemostasis Disorders
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DIC |
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Circulatory System: Hemostasis Lab Tests
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PT, aPTT, FDP, D-dimer, Fibrinogen
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Circulatory System: Lymphatic System
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Returns tissue fluid to the blood stream, protects body by removing microorganisms, and impurities, processes lymphocytes, and delivers fats absorbed from the small intestine to the blood stream
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Circulatory System: Lymphatic Structures
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lymph fluid, lymphatic vessels, ducts, nodes
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Circulatory System: Lymphatic Disroders
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lymphadenopathy, lymphoma
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Circulatory System: Lymphatic Lab Tests
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CBC, Monospot, biopsy |