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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Reactive Profiling
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- What happens after an event already took place
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Proactive Profiling
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Identify and interdict an event before it happens
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How to speed up the process of profiling
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- Establishing a baseline for your environment (Reasonable expectation of what should be normal
- Proactively hunt anomalies in the baseline - BASELINE + ANOMALIES = DECISION |
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After making a profiling decision there are four options:
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1) Kill It
2) Capture It 3 Contact it 4) Let it go |
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Heuristics
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- A tactical Shortcut
- Just enough information to draw a reasonable conclusion |
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baseline
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- a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated
- Baselines need to be constantly updated - Represents the Observe and Orient of Boyd's OODA Loop cyle |
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Anomaly
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- Any that deviates from the baseline (rises above or below
- represents the "orient" phase of Boyd's OODA Loop cycle |
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Individual Indicators (Combat Profiling)
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Ways of communicating without actually speaking
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Environmental Indicators (Combat Profiling)
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domains based upon the interactions between different people and their surroundings
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Two subcategories used to profile anomalies (included within these two subcategories are the six domains
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1) Individual Indicators
2) Environmental indicators |
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Context (Combat Profiling)
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The background, environment, framework, setting, or situation surrounding an event or occurence
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Biometrics (Profiling domains)
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- The interpretation of physiological reactions which are instinctive, autonomic, unlearned reactions to stimuli
- impossible to fake - Examples include Histamines (redness, swelling, sweating, and fixed pupils |
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Kinesics (Profiling Domain)
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- The interpretation of body movements, facial expressions, gestures, etc. (includes grooming and positioning of body in space)
- May be 1) Learned - based on where we grew up 2) innate - what we are born with 3) mixed |
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Six Profiling Domain
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1) Heuristics
2) Kinesics 3) Biometrics 4) Proxemics 5) Atmospherics 6) Geographics |
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Proxemics (Profiling Domain)
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The interpretations of spatial relationships within the context of social norms, tactical considerations, and Psycho-social factors IOT determine the dynamics of human interaction and reactions to their surroundings
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Relative Distances in Proxemics
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1) Intimate (less than 6 inches)
2) Personal (1.5-2.5 ft; amongst friends) 3) Social (4-7 ft; interaction amongst acquaintances) 4) Public (12-25 ft for close phase; 25 ft or more for far phase) |
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Proxemic Push
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natural tendency for a person or group of people to move away from other people/objects which are unfamiliar or are perceived as threat
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Proxemic Pull
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natural tendency for a person or a group of people to be attracted to other people, object, or areas which are familiar and perceived as friendly to them
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Proximity negates skill
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The closer you are the less skill is needed to harm or kill you
Observe at great distances negates this |
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Person of Interest Indicators
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1) Adoration
2) Mimicry 3) Entourage 4) Direction |
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Interpreting Atmospherics (Profiling Domain)
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The interpretation of environmental mood consciusly through the five senses and subconsciously through intuition
- How a place looks, sounds, tastes, feels and smells |
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Interpreting Geographics (Profiling Domain)
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The study of thephysical geography/weather of an area nad the Human Terrain within this area
- the interpretation of the relationship between people and their physical surrounding to determine the significant of social interactions as it relates to their motivations - Habitual areas - Areas where most people in a given group would frequent without reservation (public areas) - Anchor Points - Areas where only certain individuals within a given group would frequent without reservation; where they would be comfortable |
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Geographics are a combination of two specific items:
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1) The geographical terrain
2) The inhabitants (Human terrain) |
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The "Combat Rule of Threes"
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When three anomalies are detected, a decision must be made
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ASCOPE
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Areas, Structures, Capabilities, Organizations, People, and events
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BAMCIS
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Definition: A sequence of events tactical units leaders use to plan most tactical operations
Begin the Planning Arrange Reconnaissance Make Reconnaissance Complete the Plan Issue the Order Supervise |
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COA
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Cours of Action
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DRAW-D: Capabilities and Limitations
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Under what conditions can the enemy:
Defend Reinforce Attack Withdraw Delay |
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EMLCOA
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Enemy's Most Likely Course of Action
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FSP
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Fire Support Plan - outlines the supporting fires that will aid in your execution of the SOM
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METT-TC
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Mission
Enemy Terrain and Weather Troops and Support Time/space/logistics Civilian Considerations |
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OCOKA-W
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Observation
Cover and Concealment Obstacles Key Terrain Avenues of Approach Weather |
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PCC/PCI
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Pre-Combat Checks/Pre-Combat Inspections
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SALUTE
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- Composition, Disposition, Strengths
- generally facts we know about the enemy - focus primarily on the enemy we are encountering Size Activity Location Unit Time |
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SOM
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Scheme of Manuever
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TCM
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Tactical Control Measures
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Begin Planning (BAMCIS)
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Execute the tactical thought process (Also reflected below)
METT-TC > EMLCOA > EXP > SOM > FSP > Tasks |
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Arrange Reconnaissance (BAMCIS)
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- Methods and Assumptions
- Plan recon to answer remaining questions about enemy - Make assumptions and the tentative SOM |
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Make Reconnaissance (BAMCIS)
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- Confirm/deny assumptions
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Complete the plan (BAMCIS)
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- Update plan based on new info
- Revisit the tactical thought process with info collected during recon |
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Issue the order (BAMCIS)
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Issue new plan
- effectively communicate the plan over a terrain model |
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Supervise (BAMCIS)
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Supervise subordinates execution of orders through the completion of the mission
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Terrain and Weather (BAMCIS)
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Observation - influence of terrain on visual recon and target acquisition
Cover and Concealment - Cover is protection from effects of fires. Concealment is protection from observation or target acquisition Obstacles - any natural or manmade obstructions that canalize, delay, restrict, or divert the maneuver or mvmnt force ** understand the effects that these have on friendly / enemy SOM *** Key terrain - any area whose seizure, retention, or control affords a marked tactical advantage to either combatant. Avenues of approach - movement routes to an objective weather - temp/humidity, precipitation, wind, clouds, and visibility - Needs to be from both the enemy and friendly perspective - briefed in the orientation paragraph of the Op Order |
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Troops and Fire Support (BAMCIS)
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- Organic > what capabilities and limitations do your own assets posses
- Attachements/Detachments > What units/assets will be added or taken away and how will it affect mission accomplishment - Fire Support Available > Identify all information relating to supporting fires (azimuths, locations, contact info, employment, and PRIORITY OF FIRES) -Higher and Adjacent Units > Identify higher and adjacent units SOM and what influence they will have on your SOM |
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Time/Space/Logisitics
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Time - Understand time required versus time available (drives planning and execution)
- Can use reverse planning - One Third, Two Thirds Rule - leader devotes 1/3 of the available time to those tasks he must directly supervise leaving 2/3 of the time to his subordinates to accomplish tasks of which he does not need to have direct supervision SPACE - Understand your AO, TCM, FSCM (Fire support coordination measures), ACM (Air Control Measures LOGISITICS - Identify the required resources in order to accomplish the mission from crossing the LD through consolidation |
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EXP
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Exploitation Plan
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Arrange for Reconnaissance
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1) Identify what questions you need answered and in what order
-validate enemy position, orientation, and activity 2) Identify assets available to do recon 3) Determine most effective available means of recon 4) identify recon patrol leadership you will bring with you |
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Make Reconnaissance
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You must get eyes on the enemy; answer remaining questions; validate your assumptions
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Complete the Plan
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Revisit the Tactical Thought Process using the info gained from the recon
*Do not fall in love with your plan |
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Issue the order
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Be confident, succinct, clear communication of your plan over a terrain model (paint the picture)
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Supervise
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Supervision occurs through to the end of the mission. Do not assume your subordinates are executing in a fashion that meets your standards
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M224 60mm Mortar
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- smooth bore, muzzle loaded, high angle of fire weapon.
- 3 M224 Mortars make up a mortar section - |
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M252 81mm Mortar
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- Medium extended range mortar
- Crew served, smooth bore, muzzle loaded, high angle of fire weapon. - Fired in indirect fire mode and utilizes the FDC - Accurate from ranges 4500m - 5700m - BAD (Blast Attenuation Device) - Ideally suited to support light infantry |
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Marine Artillery mission and 3 key tasks
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- Integrate and deliver lethal and non-lethal fires to enable oing and manuever commanders to dominate their operational environment across the spectrum of operations
1) Provide close and continuous fire support to the maneuver units 2) Deliver counter fire within the range of our weapon systems to ensure freedom of movement 3) Give depth to the battlefield |
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Arty regiments instructions
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10th Marines (4 bn/1Hdqtrs) within 2nd MARDIV
11th Marines (4 bn/1Hdqtrs) within the 1st MARDIV 12th Marines (1 bn/1 Hdqtrs) within 3rd MARDIV 14th Marines (Reserve regiment, 4th MARDIV |
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Arty Bn
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Basic tactical unit for artillery
- includes 1 Hdqtrs batter and 3 firing batters (six howitzers/battery) ; 18 howitzers in the battalion; 7 Marines per cannon |
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Headquarters Battery (Arty)
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provides equipment and personnel to asset the battalion commander in controlling and supporting the battalion
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3 Missions of Naval Surface Fire Support (NSFS)
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- to support the assault of an objective by destroying or neutralizing:
- Shore installations that oppose the approach of ships and aircraft - Defenses that oppose the 1) Actual landing of the landing force 2) To provide support for the advance of the landing force ashore |
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Marine Aviation Ordnance
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Bombs, Missiles, Rockets, Guns
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13 Principals of Fire Support Planning
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1) Plan Early and Continuously
2) Exploit all available targeting assets 3) Consider the use of all available fires 4) Use the lowest echelon capable of furnishing efective fire support use the most effective fire support means Furish the type of fire support requested Avoid unnecessary duplication Coordinate airspace Provide Adequate fire support Provide rapid coordination Provide safeguards and survivability establish fire support coordination measures Establish communications support |
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Purpose of fire support planning
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1) Achieve effectiveness and efficiency from fire support assets in meeting fire support requirement of the force
2) Determine the proper allocation of fire support |
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Company Fire Support Coordination
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Rifle Company Commander ultimately responsible for fire support coordination at company level
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Targeting: Fire Support Planning
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- Process of selecting targets
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Target: Fire Support Planning
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a geographical area, complex, or installation planned for capture or destruction by military forces
- Order of precedence for targets: 1) Known enemy positions 2) suspected enemy positions 3) Likely enemy positions |
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List of Targets: Fire Support Planning
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contains all targets the subordinate commander feels need to be engaged by IDF
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Target List Fire Support Planning
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Formal document created at the highest level of command
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Target Numbering System: Fire Support Planning
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Target number contains six characters:
- two letters (originator of the target number and/or level holding the target data) and four numbers |
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Fire Support Coordination Measures (FSCM's)
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- Designed to provide safeguards for friendlies
- facilitate rapid engagement of targets Two Broad categories: 1) Permissive - no further coord. require, attack of targets 2) Restrictive - imposes requirements for spec. coordination. provide safeguards for friendly forces - Fire Support Coordinator (FSC) responsible for recommending establishment of FSCM's |
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Ambush (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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A surprise attack by fire from concealed psoitions on a moving or temporarily halted enemy
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Attack by Fire (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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Fires (direct/indirect) destroy the enemy from a distance, normally used withn the mission does not require or support occupation of the objective
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Block (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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To deny the enemy access to a given area or to prevent enemy advance in a given direction or on an avenue of approach.
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Breach (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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To Break through or secure a passage through a natural or enemy obstacle
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Bypass (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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To maneuver around an obstacle, position, or enemy force to maintain the momentum of an advance.
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Canalize (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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The use of existing or reinforcing obstacles or fires to restrict enemy operations to a narrow zone.
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Contain (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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To stop, hold, or surround enemy forces or to keep the enemy in a given area and prevent his withdrawing any part of his forces for use elsewhere.
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Defeat (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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To disrupt or nullify the enemy commander’s plan and overcome his will to fight, thus making him unwilling or unable to pursue his adopted course of action.
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Destroy (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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Physically rendering an enemy force combat-ineffective unless it is reconstituted.
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Disrupt (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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To integrate fires and obstacles to break apart an enemy’s formation and tempo, interrupt his time table, or cause premature commitment or piecemealing of his forces.
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Exploit (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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Take full advantage of success in battle and follow up initial gains; offensive actions that usually follow successful attack and are designed to disorganize the enemy in depth.
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Feint (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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An offensive action involving contact with the enemy to deceive him about the location or time of the actual main offensive action.
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Fix (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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To prevent the enemy from moving any part of his forces either from a specific location or for a specific period of time by holding or surrounding them to prevent their withdrawal for use elsewhere.
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Interdict (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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An action to divert, disrupt, delay or destroy the enemy’s surface military potential before it can be used effectively against friendly forces.
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Neutralize (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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To render the enemy or his resources ineffective or unusable.
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Penetrate (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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To break through the enemy’s defense and disrupt his defensive system.
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Reconnoiter (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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To obtain visual observation or other methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or potential enemy.
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Rupture (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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To create a gap in enemy defensive positions quickly.
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Support by Fire (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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Where a force engages the enemy by direct fire to support a maneuvering force using overwatch or by establishing a base of fire. The supporting force does not capture enemy forces or terrain.
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Suppress (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)
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A tactical mission task that results in the temporary degradation of
the performance of a force or weapon system below the level needed to accomplish its mission. |
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M224 60mm Mortar
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One section
Section leader – Sergeant 0341 • Three squads each with One M224 Three Marines − Squad leader/Gunner – Corporal 0341 − Assistant gunner – Lance Corporal 0341 − Ammunition man – Private First Class/Private 0341 Item/Weight in Pounds  Cannon M225 - 14.4 Bipod M170 - 15.2 Sight M64 - 2.5 Base plate M7 - 14.4 **Base plate M8 - 3.6 Conventional mode - 46.5 **Handheld mode - 18.0 Min Range - 70m Max Range - 3,500m ECR - 30m Rate of Fire - 30 rounds/min for 4 min 20 rounds/ min afterwards???? |
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M252 81mm Mortar
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- Crew served, smooth bore, muzzle loaded, high angle of fire weapon
- Blast Attenuation Device attached to muzzle - Weight of total system 89lbs - Max range 5700m - ECR 35m - 1 Plt per Bn, 8 guns per plt, 4 guns per section - |
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EFSS M327 120mm Mortars
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- All weather, ground-based, close supporting, accurate, immediately responsive, , and lethal IDF
- Total weight 1601lbs - Max Range 8135m - ECR 45m |
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Mortar Capabilities
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High Volumne of Fire
Highly Responsive assest Light, mobile, and flexible Fires from and into defilade CO's Hip Pocket Arty |
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Mortar Limitations
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Long time of flight
Ammunition Consumption multiple displacements |
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M777A2 155 Howitzer
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Weight - 10,000lbs
Range - 18,100m / 30,100m w/ Rocket Asstd. projectile Max Rate - 5 RPM Sustained Rate - 2 RPM |
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HIMARS
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Range - 30,000m
Ammunition: 1) M31 HE 200lb HE warhead; gps aided; range - 15-84km; accuracy 3m 2) M48 ATACMS - 500lb unitary warhead; range - 70-300km; accuracy - 8m |
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Arty Capabilities
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maneuvering fires
massing fires surprise fires all weather capability fires from and into defilade rapid displacement |
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Arty Limitations
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Reduced effectiveness
Poor Terrain Close Combat Air Attack Ammo/Logistics burden Not Amphibious Need Comm Susceptible to Counter-battery |
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The 3 things Artillery Targets
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1) KNOWN enemy positions
2) SUSPECTED enemy positions 3) LIKELY enemy positions |
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Two types of targets
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1) Point Target - 200m or less in length
2) Linear Target - 200-600m in length |
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3 Things Required for a Linear Target
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1) Grid (to center point)
2) Length 3) Attitude (0-3200 mils) |
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List of Targets vs. Target List
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List of Targets - YOU generate this. There is no set format. It is submitted to higher as a request to register locations as targets.
Target List - Given to US from higher; contains Target Reference Numbers. |
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General Support
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Requires a unit to support the force as a whole and be prepared to support any subordinate element.
"3 boxes within field of fire" |
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Direct Support
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Requires a unit to furnish close and continuous fires to a single supported unit. Supported unit has priority of fires and control of fires.
"one box is focus, two still in field of fire" |
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Attached
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Placement of units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively temporary. Supported unit has tactical control.
"one box in field of fire" |
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AN / PEQ-15 ATPIAL
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Advanced Target Pointer Illuminator Aiming Light (ATPIAL), PEQ-15,
provides a highly collimated beam of infrared energy for weapon aiming and an adjustable focus infrared beam for target illumination. This Class 3b laser device also provides a highly collimated beam of visible energy for weapon aiming. |
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AN / PVS-14
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14 Oz
Range: 150m (starlight) and 300m (moonlight) 40 degree FOV Common error: Using a mounted PVS-14 during offensive actions. It is nearly impossible to use a mounted PVS-14 while moving with the weapon. |
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AN/PVQ-31 A/B
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Alpha - M-16
Bravo - M-4 5.8 inches 15.3 oz 4 X magnification 7 degree FOV at 100m |