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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Q: Define Asthma
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Define Asthma
1. Airway obstruction that is reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment 2. Airway inflammation 3. Increased airway responsiveness to a variety of stimuli. |
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Q: Define COPD
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Define COPD
Airway diseases that are irreversible; include: 1. Chronic bronchitis -- chronic or recurrent excess mucus secretion into the bronchial tree that occurs on most days during a period of at least 3 months of the year for at least 2 consecutive years 2. Emphysema -- a condition of the lung characterized by abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole |
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Q: Bronchodilators
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Bronchodilators
Act by relaxing the smooth muscles of the bronchial tree, thereby relieving bronchiospasm and increasing the vital capacity of the lungs |
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Q; Take a breath
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A: Breath is healing
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Q; Define Asthma
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Define Asthma
1. Airway obstruction that is reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment 2. Airway inflammation 3. Increased airway responsiveness to a variety of stimuli. |
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Q: Define COPD
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Define COPD
Airway diseases that are irreversible; include: 1. Chronic bronchitis -- chronic or recurrent excess mucus secretion into the bronchial tree that occurs on most days during a period of at least 3 months of the year for at least 2 consecutive years 2. Emphysema -- a condition of the lung characterized by abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole |
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Q: Bronchodilators
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Bronchodilators
Act by relaxing the smooth muscles of the bronchial tree, thereby relieving bronchiospasm and increasing the vital capacity of the lungs |
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Q: Bronchodilator
Sympathomimetic Bronchodilators albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil -- "rescue drug") salmeterol (Serevent--long acting) (in combo with steroid fluticasone is Advair) epinephrine (Primatine-OCD) |
Sympathomimetic Bronchodilators
Effects:B2 rec. act on lung Side Effects: nervousness, anxiousness, tachycardia, arrythmia |
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Q: Bronchodilator
Parasympatholytics (anti-cholenergic, better for COPD); ipatropium --short acting 4-5 hrs (Atrovent)/combo w/albuterol (Combivent) tiotropium -- long acting 1-2 x d (Spiriva) |
Parasympatholytic Bronchodilators
Effects: anticholenergic, better for COPD Side effects: dry mouth, tachycardia |
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Q: Bronchodilator
Xanthines Theophylline (oral) Aminophylline (IV) |
Bronchodilators, Xanthines
Effects: bronchiodilates Side Effects: palpitations, elev. heart rate, anxiety, pee Cautions, interactions: caffeine, chocolate, diuretic effect |
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Q: Bronchodilator
Leukotriene Antagonists/Inhibitor zafirlukast (Accolate) montelukast (Singulair) Zileuton (Zyflo) |
Leukotriene Antagonists/Inhibitor Bronchodilator
Effects: Stabilizes mast cells thus reduces inflammation in airway Side Effects: very minimal |
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Q; Corticosteroid
beclomethasone (Beclovent, Vanceril--inhalants) (Vancenase--up the nose) |
Corticosteroid
Effects: Anti-inflammatory agent; most important agent in reducing acute asthma attack Acute: IV Chronic: inhalant (best), systemic oral Side Effects: immune suppresive, elevates blood glucone, Cushingoid Sign (buffalo back) Cautions: rinse mouth or you'll get oral trush |
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Q: Prophylactic Agents for Asthma
cromolyn (Intal, Nasalcrom) -OCD, 2-4 x d nedocromil (Tilade) |
Prophylactic Agents for Asthma
Prevention of exacerbation of an attack No value in the treatment of acure attacks |
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Q: Mucolytics
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Mucolytics
Agents that liquify pulmanary secretions |
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Q: Expectorants
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Expectorants
Agents that reduce viscosity and loosen secretions which would assist in the expelling of sputum |
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Q: Expectorant
guaifensin (Robitussin) |
Expectorant guaifensin (Robitussin)
Water is the cheaper and better alternative. But make sure its warm, b/c cold causes bronchiospasm-- Prof NEVER recommends Robitussin |
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Q: Antitussives
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Antitussives
Prevent coughing in patients NOT requiring a productive cough |
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Q: Antitussives - Narcotics
Codeine Hydrocodone |
Antitussives - Narcotics
note that people on hydrocodone for pain never have coughs Side Effects: sedation, constipation Cautions: too much narcotic, careful with the heavy machinery; addiction |
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Q: Antitussives - Non-Narcotics
dextromethorphan (Robitussin-DM) --OTC benzonatate (Tessalon) (script) |
Antitussives - Non-Narcotics
Only for dry cough Side Effects: take too much, get a little rash Cautions: too much, "mental status change" (i.e., robotripping) |
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Q: Define Antihistamines
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Antihistamines
Medications that completely antogonize the histamine-1 receptor sites Not curative, but relieving of allergy symptoms caused by histamine release |
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Q: Antihistamines-Sedating
chloropheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton) brompheniramine (Dimetapp) diphenhydramine (Benadryl) |
Antihistamines-Sedating
Side Effects: Benadryl, dry mouth and other anti-cholenergic effects Cautions for sedation, interactions: alcohol |
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Q: Define Decongestants
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Decongestants
Constrict blood vessels in the respiratory tract, resulting in shrinkage of swollen mucus membranes and helping to open nasal airway passages -Beware of rebound effect -Many OTC preparations |
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Q: Decongestants
phenylpropanolamine (Sudafed PE) pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) oxymetazoline (Afrin) -- big rebound after 2 days phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) -- rebound, only use a day or two |
Decongestants
Notes: phenylpropanolamine (Sudafed PE) doesn't work & sucks Side Effects: bc works on sympathetic NS causes vasoconstriction, elev glucose, and other stimulant effects: watch BP, not good for cornoary patients, only take to relieve symptoms, can develop tolerance |
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Q: Define Expectorants
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Expectorants
Agents that reduces viscosity and loosen secretions which would assist in the expelling of sputum |
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Q: Expectorant
guaifensin (Robitussin) |
Expectorant
guaifensin (Robitussin) Water is the cheaper and better alternative. But make sure its warm, b/c cold causes bronchiospasm-- Prof NEVER recommends Robitussin |
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Q:Define Antitussives
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Antitussives
Prevent coughing in patients NOT requiring a productive cough |
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Q: Antitussives - Narcotics
Codeine Hydrocodone |
Antitussives - Narcotics
only for dry cough note that people on hydrocodone for pain never have coughs Side Effects: sedation, constipation Cautions: too much narcotic, careful with the heavy machinery; addiction |
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Q: Antitussives - Non-Narcotics
dextromethorphan (Robitussin-DM) --OTC benzonatate (Tessalon) (script) |
Antitussives - Non-Narcotics
Only for dry cough Side Effects: take too much, get a little rash Cautions: too much, "mental status change" (i.e., robotripping) |
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Q: Define Antihistamines
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Antihistamines
Medications that completely antogonize the histamine-1 receptor sites Not curative, but relieving of allergy symptoms caused by histamine release |
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Q: Antihistamines-Sedating
chloropheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton) brompheniramine (Dimetapp_ diphenhydramine (Benadryl) |
Antihistamines-Sedating
Side Effects: Benadryl, dry mouth and other anti-cholenergic effects Cautions for sedation, interactions: alcohol |
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Q: Antihistamines - Non-Sedating
certirizine (Zyrtec) (most effective) desloratadine (Clarinex) -- only script one loratadine (Claratin) fexofenadine (Allegra) |
Antihistamines - Non-Sedating
Side Effects: none |
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Q: Define Decongestants
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Decongestants
Constrict blood vessels in the respiratory tract, resulting in shrinkage of swollen mucus membranes and helping to open nasal airway passages -Beware of rebound effect -Many OTC preparations |
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Q: Decongestants
phenylpropanolamine (Sudafed PE) pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) oxymetazoline (Afrin) -- big rebound after 2 days phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) -- rebound, only use a day or two |
Decongestants
Notes: phenylpropanolamine (Sudafed PE) doesn't work & sucks Side Effects: bc works on sympathetic NS causes vasoconstriction, elev glucose, and other stimulant effects: watch BP, nor good for cornoary patients, only take to relieve symptoms, can develop tolerance |