Pharmacology Final Exam Fau Nursing

Front 1

-olol-lol

Back 1

beta blocker

Front 2

Non-cardio Selective Beta blockers: example/s and side effects

Back 2

Propranolol

Bradycardia, reduced cardia output, AV heart block, rebound cardiac excitation, bronchoconstriction, inhibition of glycogenolysis, CNS effects, not used in pt w/ asthma or diabetes.

Front 3

Cardioselective Beta blocker: example/s and side effects

Back 3

atenolol, metoprolol

Bradycardia, reduction of cardiac output, AV heart block, Rebound cardiac excitation following abrupt withdraw.

Front 4

-zosin

Back 4

alpha blocker

Front 5

Alpha blocker: examples and side effects

Back 5

doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin

Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, inhibition of ejaculation, nasal congestion, Use w/ sildenafil, other drugs for erectile dysfx can lead to hypotension.

Front 6

-dipine

Back 6

calcium channel blocker: dihydropyridine

Front 7

dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker: examples and side effects

Back 7

amlodipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, felodipine

Peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, HA, Does not slow heart rate like nondihydropyridines

Front 8

-pril

Back 8

ACE inhibitor

Front 9

ACE inhibitor: examples and side effects

Back 9

Enalapril, lisinopril, fosinopril, quinapril

Hypotension, cough, hyperkalemia, renal failure in patients w/ renal artery stenosis, fetal injury, angioedema

Front 10

-artan

Back 10

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB)

Front 11

ARB: examples and side effects

Back 11

candesartan, losartan, valsartan

Renal failure in patients w/ renal artery stenosis, Hypotension, Angioedema, Fetal injury, Does not cause cough or hyperkalemia.

Front 12

-statin

Back 12

Lipid lowering drug
HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitor (Statin)

Front 13

Lipid lowering drug
HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitor (Statin: examples and side effects

Back 13

atorvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin

Hepatotoxicity increases ALT & AST, Myopathy, increases CK levels, rhabdomyolysis, dark urine, renal failure, Pregnancy risk Cat X, HA, rash, GI upset, Cyclosporine, macrolide AB, azole anti-fungals, and HIV protease inhibitors raise some statins to toxic levels

Front 14

-ase, -plase

Back 14

thrombolytic drug

Front 15

thrombolytic drug: examples and side effects

Back 15

alteplase, streptokinase, reteplase

bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage

Front 16

-sone, -lone

Back 16

glucocorticoids

Front 17

glucocorticoids: examples and side effects

Back 17

prednisone, dexamethasone, cortisone

Adrenal insufficiency resulting from suppression of HPA axis, Glucose intolerance (increased BS), osteoporosis, infections, growth retardation, mood changes, cataracts, glaucoma, PUD, iatrogenic Cushing’s Syndrome.

Front 18

-terol

Back 18

Beta 2 agonist

Front 19

Fast acting beta 2 agonist: examples and side effects

Back 19

albuterol, levalbuterol

Hyperglycemia, tachycardia, tremor, angina

Front 20

Long acting beta 2 agonist: examples and side effects

Back 20

salmeterol, formoterol

Effect is delayed by 20-30 minutes. Not to be used as a rescue inhaler in an emergency. Tachycardia, angina, tremor, leg cramps.

Front 21

-triptan

Back 21

Serotonin 1B/1D-Receptor Agonists

Front 22

Serotonin 1B/1D-Receptor Agonists: examples and side effects

Back 22

almotriptan, naratriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan

Coronary vasospasm is of most concern. Chest symptoms (heavy arms, chest pressure), teratogenic, vertigo, malaise, fatigue and tingling sensations

Front 23

-zepam, -zolam

Back 23

benzodiazepines

Front 24

benzodizepines: examples and side effects

Back 24

diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, alprazolam




CNS depression, anterograde amnesia, paradoxic effects, Weak respiratory depression of given orally, IV admin can cause sever resp dep. Abuse and addiction, teratogenic. Do not mix w/ other CNS dep. or ETOH. Reversal agent is Flumazenil(Romazicon)

Front 25

-dronate

Back 25

bisphosphonate

Front 26

bisphosphonates: examples and side effects

Back 26

alendronate, risedronate, etidronate

Esophagitis and rarely musculoskeletal pn, ocular inflammation and osteonecrosis of jaw.

Front 27

-prazole

Back 27

Proton pump inhibitor

Front 28

proton pump inhibitors: examples and side effects

Back 28

omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole

HA, Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting

Front 29

-tidine

Back 29

Histamine 2 receptor blocker

Front 30

Histamine 2 receptor blocker: examples and side effects

Back 30

cimetidine,, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine

Rare and usually benign. Antiadrogenic (gynecomastia, reduced libido, impotence) CNS in elderly or renal/hepatic impairment (confusion, hallucinations, lethargy, somnolence, restlessness, seizures), Pneumonia, HA, rash, dizziness, myalgia, N,D, constipation, rash, pruritis.

Front 31

-azole

Back 31

antifungal

Front 32

antifungals: examples and side effects

Back 32

itraconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole

N,V,D, rash, HA, abd pn, edema, cardiac suppression, liver inury. Fluconazole has also been rarely associated w/ steven-johnson syndrome, hepatic necrosis and anaphylaxis.

Front 33

-cef, -ceph

Back 33

cephalosporin beta lactam antibiotics

Front 34

cephalosporin beta lactam antibiotics: 1st generation-examples and side effects

Back 34

cefazolin, cephalexin

Allergic Rx, Bleeding tendencies, Thrombophlebitis, AAPMC

Front 35

cephalosporin beta lactam antibiotics: 3rd generation-examples and side effects

Back 35

ceftriaxone

Allergic Rx, Bleeding tendencies, Thrombophlebitis, AAPMC

Front 36

-cillin

Back 36

penicillins

Front 37

Broad-Spectrum PCN (Aminopenicillins): example and side effects

Back 37

amoxicillin

diarrhea

Front 38

Narrow-Spectrum PCN – Penicillinase-Sensitive: example

Back 38

penicillin

Front 39

Penicillinase-Resistant PCN (Antistaphylococcal PCNs): example

Back 39

nafcillin

Front 40

Extended-Spectrum PCNs (Antipseudomonal PCNs): example and side effects

Back 40

ticarcillin

Admin w/ disodium salt – may cause sodium overload resulting in CHF. Interferes w/ PLT formation promotin bleeding

Front 41

-cycline

Back 41

broad spectrum antibiotics

Front 42

broad spectrum antibiotics: examples and side effects

Back 42

doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline

GI irritation, suprainfection (APMC), Discoloration of teeth (avoid in children <8), Hepatotoxicity, exacerbation of renal impairment, Photosensitivity, vestibular toxicity.

Front 43

-floxacin

Back 43

fluroquinolones

Front 44

Fluroquinolones: examples and side effects

Back 44

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin

GI(N,V,D abd pn), CNS (dizziness, HA, restlessness, confusion), Candida infections of pharynx and vagina. Rarely tendon rupture. In elderly increased risk of confusion, somnolence, psychosis and visual disturbances. In addition
Gatifoxacin=dysglycemia.
Levofloxacin=peripheral neuropathy, rhabdomyolysis.

Front 45

-micin, -mycin

Back 45

aminoglycosides

Front 46

aminoglycosides: examples and side effects

Back 46

gentamycin, tobramycin, kanamycin

Toxic to kidneys and inner ear

Front 47

-vir

Back 47

antiviral (not HIV)

Front 48

Non-HIV antivirals: examples and side effects

Back 48

acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

N,V,D,HA, vertigo. IV admin may cause phlebitis and nephrotoxicity occurs w/ dehydration. In addition Vlacyclovir=thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS)