Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
SNS also known as
|
Adrenergic NS
|
|
PNS also known as
|
Cholinergic NS
|
|
ACh binds with which (3) types of receptors?
|
Cholinergic, Muscarinic, Nicotinic
|
|
NE binds with which type type of receptors?
|
Adrenergic, Alpha, Beta
|
|
Alpha1-adrenergic receptors
|
In all sympathetic-target organs except the heart.
-Blood vessel tissue -Sphincters of GI & GU contract |
|
Alpha1-adrenergic response
|
-Constricts blood vessels
-Mydriasis |
|
Alpha2-adrenergic receptors
|
At presynaptic adrenergic neuron terminals
-Control [N.T] in synaptic space -If [N.T.] are high, stimulated --> inhibits NE release -If [N.T.] are low, inhibited --> stimulates NE release |
|
Alpha2-adrenergic response
|
-Inhibits release of NE
|
|
Beta1-adrenergic Receptors
|
In heart and kidneys
|
|
Beta1-adrenergic Response
|
-Increases HR and force
-Increase renin release |
|
Beta2-adrenergic Recpetors
|
In all sympathetic target organs except the heart
-Mainly in lungs |
|
Beta2-adrenergic Response
|
Inhibits smooth muscle
|
|
Nicotinic Receptors
|
In SNS & PNS postganglionic ganglia
|
|
Nicotinic Response
|
-Stimulates smooth muscle
-Stimulates gland secretion |
|
Muscarinic Receptors
|
In post-ganglionic PNS target organ receptors except the heart
|
|
Muscarinic Response
|
-Stimulates smooth muscle
-Stimulates gland secretion |
|
Adrenergic agents
|
(Sympathomimetics)
Stimulate SNS |
|
Adrenergic-blocking agents
|
(Adrenergic antagonists)
(Sympatholytics) Inhibit the SNS |
|
Cholinergic agents
|
(Parasympathomimetics)
Stimulate the PNS |
|
Cholinergic-blocking agents
|
(Anti-cholinergics)
(Parasympatholytics) (Muscarinic blockers) Inhibits PNS |
|
Adrenergic effects
(Alpha) |
-Decrease gastric motility
-Constrict bladder sphincter |
|
Adrenergic effects
(Beta) |
+Chrono, Ino, Dromotropic in heart
-Bronchodilation |
|
Adrenergic agents used to treat...
|
-Weight-loss
-Asthma -Wide-angle glaucoma |
|
Nursing Role in Pharmacology
|
-Monitor pt condition
-Educate on drug therapy -Note adverse effects -Identify possible interactions -Identify contraindications |
|
Sympathomimetics
|
Stimulate SNS
|
|
Sympatholytics
|
Blocks Alpha and Beta SNS receptors.
|
|
Parasympathomimetics
|
-Stimulates PNS
-Promotes ACh action |
|
Parasympatholytics
|
Block ACh receptors
|
|
Muscarinic agents monitor for...
|
-Intake and Output ratio
-Blurred Vision -Orthostatic hypotension -Muscle strength and neuromuscular status -ptosis, diplopia and chewing -schedule meds around meals -schedule activities to avoid fatigue -muscle weakness |
|
Anticholinergic actions:
|
-Decrease GI and resp secretions
-Dilate bronchioles -Dilate pupils |
|
Anticholinergics treat:
|
-Nausea
-Urinary Incontinence -Overactive bladder -Parkinson's disease (decrease muscle rigidity) |
|
Anticholinergic agents monitor for...
|
-Cholinergic crisis
-Changes in HR, BP, dysrhythmias -Dry mucous membranes -Exposure to heat, cold, exercise -Input and Output -Abdominal distention -Auscultate for bowel sounds |
|
Adrenergic antagonist monitor for...
|
-Urinary hesitency
-Imcomplete bladder emptying -Interrupted urinary system -Syncope -Vitals -LOC -Mood -Dizziness, drowsiness, light-headedness -SE -Liver fx |
|
Sympathomimetics monitor for...
|
-IV insertion (may not have good blood flow)
-Breathing patterns -SOB -Wheezing -Response to light -Rhinorrhea -Epitaxis (nose bleed) |
|
Sympathomimetic
-PROTOTYPE- |
-phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
-MOA: Stimulate the SNS directly/indirectly -PU: Receptor dependent Alpha1-nasal congestion, hypotension, dilate pupils for eye exam Alpha2-hypertension Beta1-cardiac arrest, heart failure, shock Beta2-Asthma and premature labor contractions AE: Tachycardia, hypertension, dysrhythmias, CNS excitation, seizures, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, anorexia |
|
Adrenergic-Blocking agents
-PROTOTYPE- |
-prazosin (Minipress)
-MOA: inhibit the SNS -PU: hypertension, dysrhythmias, angina, heart failure, BPH, narrow angle glaucoma |
|
Cholinergic agents
-PROTOTYPE- |
-bethanechol (Urecholine)
-MOA: activate the PNS directly/indirectly -PU: glaucoma, urinary retention, myasthena gravis, Alzheimers AE: profuse salivation, increased muscle tone, urinary frequency, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia |
|
Cholinergic blocking agents
-PROTOTYPE- |
-atropine (Atropair, Atropisol)
-MOA-inhibit the PNS -PU: peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, mydiasis and cycloplegia during eye exam, bradycardia, preanesthetic, asthma -AE: tachycardia, CNS stimulation, urinary retention, dry mouth, dry eyes, decreased sweating, photophobia |