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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is an adverse side effect of diuretics?
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may precipitate gout
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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thiazide diuretic
antiHTN heart failure med |
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Indapamide
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thiazide diuretic
antiHTN heart failure med |
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which type of diuretic may aggravate DM?
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thiazides
|
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which type of diuretic may decrease calcium in urine?
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Thiazides
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who are loop diuretics used to treat?
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used in patients with renal disease, heart disease, cirrhosis
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Furosemide
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loop diuretic
antiHTN heart failure med |
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Bumetanide
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loop diuretic
antiHTN heart failure med |
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Toresemide
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loop diuretic
heart failure med |
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what are the potassium sparing diuretics?
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Amiloride
Spironolactone Epleronone |
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Amiloride
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potassium sparing diuretic
antiHTN heart failure med |
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Spironolactone
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potassium sparing diuretic
anti-HTN heart failure med |
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Eplerenone
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potassium sparing diuretic
severe heart failure med |
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what are a-adrenoceptor antagonist drugs?
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Doxazosin
Prazosin Terazosin Phenoxy-benzamine Phentolamine |
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B1-selective antagonist drugs
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Atenolol
Metoprolol Bisprolol Esmolol Propanolol |
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B- and a-selective adrenceptor antagonist drugs
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Carvedilol
Labetolol |
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Doxazosin
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a-antagonist
anti-HTN |
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Prazosin
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a-antagonist
anti-HTN |
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Terazosin
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a-antagonist
anti-HTN |
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Phenoxy-benzamine
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short term tx of HTN episodes caused by pheochromocytoma and HTN emergencies
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Phentolamine
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short term tx of HTN episodes caused by pheochromocytoma and HTN emergencies
|
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Atenolol
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B1-selective antagonist
anti-HTN heart failure med |
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Metoprolol
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B1-selective
anti-HTN heart failure med class II antiarrhythmic drug |
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Bisprolol
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B1-selective
heart failure med |
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Esmolol
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B1-selective
HTN emergencies via IV Class II antiarrhythmic drug |
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Propanolol
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non-selective B-antagonist
class II anti-arrhythmic |
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Carvedilol
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B- and A- selective antagonist
anti-HTN heart failure med antioxidant and anti-inflammatory class II anti-arrhythmic drug |
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Labetolol
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B- and A- antagonist
anti-HTN |
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Central acting sympatholytic drugs
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Clonidine
Guanabenz Guanfacine Methyldopa |
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Clonidine
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anti-HTN
Central acting drug |
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Guanabenz
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anti-HTN
central acting drug |
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Guanfacine
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anti-HTN
central acting drug |
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Methyldopa
|
anti-HTN
central acting drug |
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thiazides
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aggravate DM
decrease calcium in urine osteoporosis protectant |
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HCTZ
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thiazide diuretic
anti-HTN heart failure med |
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Indapamide
|
thiazide diuretic
anti-HTN heart failure med |
|
Loop diuretics
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used in patients with renal disease, heart disease, cirrhosis
|
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Furosemide
|
loop diuretic
anti-HTN heart failure med |
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Bumetanide
|
Loop diuretic
anti-HTN heart failure med |
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Torsemide
|
heart failure med
loop diuretic |
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Amiloride
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potassium sparing diuretic
anti-HTN heart failure med |
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Spironolactone
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potassium sparing diuretic
anti-HTN SEVERE heart failure |
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Eplerenone
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potassium sparing diuretic
SEVERE heart failure |
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Doxazosin
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alpha-blocker
anti-HTN |
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Prazosin
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alpha-blocker
anti-HTN |
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Terazosin
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alpha-blocker
anti-HTN |
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Phenoxy-benzamine
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alpha-blocker
short term tx of HTN episodes caused by pheochromocytoma and HTN emergencies |
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Phentolamine
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short term tx of HTN episodes caused by pheochromocytoma and HTN emergencies
|
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Atenolol
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b1 selective antagonist
anti-HTN heart failure med |
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Metoprolol
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b1 selective antagonist
anti-HTN heart failure med Class II anti-arrhythmic |
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Bisprolol
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heart failure med
|
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Esmolol
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b1 selective
for HTN emergencies via IV Class II antiarrhythmic drug |
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Propanolol
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non-selective b-antagonist
class II antiarrhythmic |
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Carvedilol
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beta and alpha selective drugs
anti-HTN heart failure med antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties Class II antiarrhythmic drug |
|
Labetolol
|
beta and alpha selective
anti-HTN |
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Clonidine
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centrally acting drug
anti-HTN |
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Guanabenz
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central acting drug
anti-HTN |
|
Guanfacine
|
central acting drug
anti-HTN |
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Methyldopa
|
central acting drug
anti-HTN |
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ACE inhibitors
|
all have 24 hour duration except Captopril
|
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Benazapril
|
ACEI
anti-HTN |
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Captopril
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ACEI
anti-HTN heart failure med 6-12 hour duration of action absorption decreased by food |
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Enalapril
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ACEI
anti-HTN heart failure med active metabolite is in IV form |
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Fosinopril
|
ACEI
anti-HTN |
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Lisinopril
|
ACEI
anti-HTN heart failure med |
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Quinapril
|
ACEI
anti-HTN absorption decreased by food |
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Ramipril
|
ACEI
anti-HTN |
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Angiotensin receptor blockers
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all have 24 hour duration of action
|
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Losartan
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ARB
anti-HTN heart failure med active metabolite |
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Valsartan
|
ARB
anti-HTN heart failure med |
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Candesartan
|
ARB
anti-HTN heart failure med absorption not affected by food |
|
Direct Renin Inhibitor
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Aliskiren
|
|
Aliskiren
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direct renin inhibitor
anti-HTN |
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What is the difference between a dihyodropyridine and a non-dihyrodpyridine Calcium channel blocker?
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Dihydropyridine Calcium channel blockers have an effect on the vasculature, not directly affecting the heart, whereas the Non-dihydropyridine CCB have a direct effect on the cardiac muscle calcium channels.
|
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Verapamil
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non-dihyrodpyridine CCB
anti-HTN anti-angina Class IV anti-arrhythmia |
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Diltiazem
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non-dihyrodpyridine CCB
anti-HTN anti-angina Class IV anti-arrhythmia |
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What are the effects of Verapamil and Diltiazem on the cardiac tissue?
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have significant effect on cardiac tissue > decrease heart rate and cardiac output; both decrease protein excretion in patients with renal disease
|
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Bepridil
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Calcium channel blocker
anti-angina |
|
what are the Dihyropyridine calcium channel blockers?
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Amlodipine
Felodipine Nicardipine Nifedipine Isradipine |
|
Amlodipine
|
dihyrodpyridine CCB
anti-HTN anti-angina |
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Felodipine
|
dihyrodpyridine CCB
anti-HTN |
|
Nicardipine
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dihyrdropyridine CCB
anti-HTN |
|
Nifedipine
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dihydropyridine CCB
anti-HTN anti-angina |
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Hydralazine
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vasodilator
causes reflex tachycardia anti-HTN heart failure med causes lupus like syndrome |
|
Minoxidil
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anti-HTN
vasodilator causes hypertrichosis used in SEVERE HTN |
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Nitroprusside
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vasodilator
administered via IV used in HTN emergencies converted to cyanide short term use only to avoid metHG or cyanide poisoning |
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Fenoldopam
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vasodilator
used in HTN emergencies half life is 5 minutes cases systemic vasodilation |
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Nitroglycerin
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anti-angina
short duration of action may develop tolerance if used long term |
|
Isosorbide dinitrate
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heart failure med
anti-angina |
|
Digoxin
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digitlis glycoside
heart failure med positive inotropic negative chronotropic (decrease HR) increases parasympathetic tone decreases sympathetic tone increases intracellular sodium by inhibiting Na/K pump increases intracellular calcium |
|
how does Digoxin affect the action potential of the heart
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spontaneous depolarization
decreases QT interval increases PR interval ST depression with hockey stick configuration on ECG |
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how are b-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of heart failure?
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short term use
IV administration |
|
Dobutamine
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b-adrenergic agonist
heart failure med vasodilation |
|
Dopamine
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b-adrenergic agonist
IV administration only short term use heart failure med increases renal perfusion |
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Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
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short term use IV administration
inhibit the enzymes that inactivate cAMP and cGMP. Increase contractility and vasodilation heart failure meds milrinone & Indamirinone |
|
Inamrinone
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phosphodiesterase inhibitor
heart failure med |
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Milrinone
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phosphodiesterase inhibitor
do not mix furosemide and milrinone in IV > a precipitate will form |
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Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs
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affinity for open sodium channels
long term suppression of arrhythmias ok during pregnancy slows conduction velocity prolongs refractory period increases QRS increases QT interval Disopyramide Procainamide quinodine |
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Disopyramide
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Class IA anti-arrhythmic drug
|
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Procainamide
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class IA anti-arrhythmic drug
produces SLE like syndrome |
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Quninodine
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class IA anti-arrhythmic
increases mortality rate |
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Class IB anti-arrhythmic drugs
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affinity for inactivated sodium channels
use during pregnancy ok long term suppresion |
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Lidocaine
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class IB anti-arrhythmic
not first choice of drug |
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Mexiletine
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Class IB anti-arrhythmic drug
long term suppresion |
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Tocainide
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class IB anti-arrhythmic drug
may cause agranulocytosis |
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Class IC anti-arrhythmic drugs
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affinity for open sodium channels
1st line choice for fetal SVT used in treatment of SEVERE or LIFE threatening arrhythmias Flecainide Propafenone |
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Flecainide
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Class IC anti-arrhythmic drug
may cause bronchospasm life threatening or severe arrhythmias |
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Propafenone
|
Class IC anti-arrhythmic drug
may cause agranulocytosis life threatening or severe arrhythmias 1st line choice for Fetal SVT |
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Class II anti-arrhythmic
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B-blockers
Esmolol Propanolol Metoprolol Caredilol (alpha and beta selective) used in Tx of SV/V arrhythmia reduces sudden death from MI only drugs that reduce the mortality in asymptomatic patients |
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Class III anti-arrhythmics
|
Potassium channel blockers
increase PR interval AVOID during PREGNANCY Amiodarone Dofetilide Ibutilide Sotalol |
|
Amiodarone
|
Class III anti-arrhythmic
potent inhibitor of abnormal automaticity increases PR interval |
|
Dofetilide
|
Class III anti-arrhythmic
|
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Ibutilide
|
IV administration
Class III anti-arrhythmic used in treatment of a-fib/flutter prolongs cardiac AP |
|
describe what the PR interval is.
|
PR interval is time between onset of atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization
|
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Sotalol
|
Class III anti-arrhythmic with Class II properties (b-blocker)
chronic suppression of SV/V arrhythmias |
|
Class IV anti-arrhythmic drugs
|
Calcium channel blockers
non-dihyrdopyridine CCB direct effect on cardiac muscle Diltiazem Verapamil |
|
what are Class IV anti-arrhythmic drugs used to treat?
|
Rx SVT
protects the heart in a-fib/flutter |
|
what is the class IV anti-arrhythmic drug that is preferred during pregnancy?
|
Verapamil
|
|
what effect do Class IV anti-arrhythmic drugs have on the cardiac AP?
|
Calcium channel blockers
slow AV conduction velocity prolong AV refractory period |
|
Phase 0 of action potential
|
Sodium is main electrolyte moving
|
|
Phase 2 of action potential
|
Calcium is main electrolyte moving
|
|
after depolarizations are believed to be a result of what?
|
after depolarizations are a result from abnormal calcium influx into cardiac cell during or immediately after phase 3 of the ventricular AP
|
|
EADs are often what?
|
EADs are often bradycardia induced
|
|
LADs are often what?
|
LADs are often tachycardia induced
|
|
phase 0
|
ventricular depolarization
sodium influx |
|
phase 1
|
membrane transiently repolarized
potassium influx |
|
phase 2
|
membrane potential stable because of calcium influx
|
|
phase 3
|
repolarization
potassium efflux calcium influx |
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Phase 4
|
sodium and potassium ions return to normal because of sodium/potassium pump
|