Personality Psych Final

Front 1

According to social cognitive theory, the process of reciprocal determinism suggests that

Back 1

People influence their environments.

&

Environments influence people.

Front 2

_______ refers to what people think will happen, whereas _______ refer to what people thinkshould happen.

Back 2

Expectancies

Standards

Front 3

A ___________ is a criterion for judging the goodness or worth of a person or thing.

Back 3

Evaluative Standard

Front 4

A central idea of the CAPS model is that

Back 4

Variability in behavior is an important aspect of personality.

Front 5

According to Kelly, a construct is a

Back 5

Way of interpreting events.

Front 6

If an anticipated event does not occur the person

Back 6

May develop a new construct.

May loosen a construct.

May reorganize the construct system.

Front 7

___________ goals involve showing to others how much ability you have.

Back 7

Performance

Front 8

According to Beck's model of depression

Back 8

The cognitive triad causes depression.

Front 9

The basic assumption of the trait point of view is that

Back 9

People possess broad predispositions to respond.

Front 10

According to Allport, which of the following represent the least conspicuous and generalized dispositions?

Back 10

Secondary traits.

Front 11

The following theorists use factor analysis in their research efforts

Back 11

Eysenck and Cattell.

Front 12

Introverts are

Back 12

Restrained

Easily aroused by events

Inhibited

Front 13

Five-factor model is to NEO-PI as

Back 13

Cattell is to 16 PF.

Front 14

The fundamental lexical hypothesis suggests that people

Back 14

Encode into language important individual differences.

Front 15

According to McCrae and Costa, the Big Five have

Back 15

A biological basis

Front 16

According to the Five-Factor Model, personality disorders are best understood as

Back 16

Extremes of traits

Front 17

The concept of temperament refers to individual differences in

Back 17

Quality of emotional response

Front 18

Kagan improved on early temperament research in his use of

Back 18

Objective measures

Front 19

According to Buss, evolved psychological mechanisms

Back 19

May not fit current living conditions

Front 20

The basis for a link between trait theory and biology comes from

Back 20

Physiological studies.

Genetic research

Evolutionary theory.

Front 21

It can be suggested that if two individuals are identical genetically...

Back 21

Differences between them must be due to theenvironment.

Front 22

Research to date suggests

Back 22

No one-to-one biology-personality trait correspondence.

Front 23

In terms of his view of people, Rogers

Back 23

Emphasizes positive tendencies

Front 24

According to the phenomenological position

Back 24

It contains chiefly conscious perceptions.

Front 25

Stephenson developed the

Back 25

Q-sort technique

Front 26

According to Rogers, a discrepancy between perceived self and experience leads to a state of

Back 26

Incongruence

Front 27

The phenomenal approach emphasizes how

Back 27

People view themselves & the world around them

Front 28

The concept most relevant to Rogers' views concerning therapy is

Back 28

Therapeutic environment.

Front 29

The ability of the therapist to comprehend the phenomenal field of the patient is associatedwith the concept of

Back 29

Empathic understanding

Front 30

The concept of a hierarchy of needs was developed by

Back 30

Maslow

Front 31

According to the text, many psychologists with a behavioral orientation are turning to anemphasis on _________ in behavior and on minimizing the importance of individual differencesin personality.

Back 31

Situational specificity

Front 32

The learning theory approach to psychology tends to emphasize the _______ approach toresearch.

Back 32

Experimental

Front 33

Watson's work with conditioning a fear response to furry objects with Little Albert is an example of the potential for _________ conditioning to play a considerable role in thedevelopment of certain types of pathology

Back 33

Classical

Front 34

The benefit of using Aplysia to study the neural and biochemical processes that allow forclassical conditioning in simple organisms is that:

Back 34

They have few nerve cells and so we can observe cell-by-cell changes that occur duringconditioning

Front 35

Skinner called emitted responses

Back 35

Operants

Front 36

The concept of schedules of reinforcement relates to

Back 36

Rates and intervals

Front 37

The learning theory account for psychotherapy is that individuals are not mentally sick, butrather

Back 37

They have failed to learn a response or they have learned a maladaptive response.

Front 38

Anthony’s feelings of shame and anger are banished to his unconscious mind. Sharon consciously decides to push her anxious feelings away so that she can concentrate on her school work. According toFreud, Anthony’s case represents , while Sharon’s case represents .

Back 38

Repression; Suppression

Front 39

A recommended strategy for reducing likelihood of a response set in assessment is

Back 39

Use of a forced-choice format

Front 40

According to Freud, aggression

Back 40

Is an innate human instinct

Front 41

According to discussion in the textbook, the fact that there are ____ theories of personality makes it_______ likely that the researchers will face findings and theoretical arguments that challenge theirfavored view.

Back 41

Many; More

Front 42

Primary process thinking : ID

As

Secondary process thinking : ______

Back 42

Ego

Front 43

The ego strength resulting from optimal resolution of Erikson’s stage of Ego Integrity vs. Despair is:

Back 43

Wisdom

Front 44

In general, ________ is concerned with whether a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Back 44

Validity

Front 45

Ratings of an individual made by parents, friends, or teachers are an example of _____ data.

Back 45

O-data