Personality Disorders

Front 1

What is a personality disorder?

Back 1

an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that manifest in two or more of the following: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control
enduring pattern is inflexible
significant distress or impairment
pattern is stable and can be traced back to adolescence or early adulthood

Front 2

What is a personality disorder?

Back 2

an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that manifest in two or more of the following: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control
enduring pattern is inflexible
significant distress or impairment
pattern is stable and can be traced back to adolescence or early adulthood

Front 3

What are cluster A personality disorders?

Back 3

suspicious, odd:
paranoid
schizoid
schizotypal

Front 4

What are cluster A personality disorders?

Back 4

suspicious, odd:
paranoid
schizoid
schizotypal

Front 5

What are cluster B personality disorders?

Back 5

dramatic:
antisocial
borderline
histrionic
narcissistic

Front 6

What are cluster B personality disorders?

Back 6

dramatic:
antisocial
borderline
histrionic
narcissistic

Front 7

What are cluster C personality disorders?

Back 7

avoidant
dependent
obsessive-compulsive

Front 8

What are cluster C personality disorders?

Back 8

avoidant
dependent
obsessive-compulsive

Front 9

What % of people in the US have a personality disorder?

Back 9

14.8%

Front 10

What % of people in the US have a personality disorder?

Back 10

14.8%

Front 11

What is the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive PD?

Back 11

1-8%

Front 12

What is the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive PD?

Back 12

1-8%

Front 13

What is the prevalence of paranoid PD?

Back 13

2%

Front 14

What is the prevalence of paranoid PD?

Back 14

2%

Front 15

What is the prevalence of antisocial PD?

Back 15

3%

Front 16

What is the prevalence of antisocial PD?

Back 16

3%

Front 17

What is the prevalence of schizoid PD?

Back 17

3-7% ?

Front 18

What is the prevalence of schizoid PD?

Back 18

3-7% ?

Front 19

What is the prevalence of schizotypical PD?

Back 19

3%

Front 20

What is the prevalence of schizotypical PD?

Back 20

3%

Front 21

What is the prevalence of avoidant personality disorder?

Back 21

1-10%

Front 22

What is the prevalence of histrionic PD?

Back 22

2-3%

Front 23

What is the prevalence of borderline PD?

Back 23

1-2%

Front 24

What is the prevalence of dependent personality disorder?

Back 24

0.5%

Front 25

What is the prevalence of narcissistic PD?

Back 25

<1%

Front 26

Genetic factors have been implicated in which PD?

Back 26

antisocial
borderline
schizotypal

Front 27

What two etiologies have been implicated in PD?

Back 27

genetic factors in certain
enviormnetal factors have been implicated in development of maladaptive behavioral patterns; chaotic home environment and abuse

Front 28

What are the characterisitics in Paranoid PD?

Back 28

a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of other such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent
-suspects others are exploiting or deceiving him
-preoccupied with unjustified doubts of loyalty
-is reluctant to confide in others because he believes they will use the information against him
-reads hidden meanings into benign remarks
-persistently bears a grudge
-preceives attacks on his character
-recurrent suspicions regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner

Front 29

What are the characterisitics in Schizoid PD?

Back 29

Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted expression of emotion with 4 or more of the following:
- neither desires nor enjoys close relationships
- almost always choose solitary activities
- liffle if any interest in sexual experiences with another person
- takes pleasure in few if any activities
- lacks close friends other than first-degree relatives
- appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others
- shows emotional coldness or flattened affect

Front 30

What are the characteristics of schizotypical personality disorder?

Back 30

a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits with reduced capacity for close relationships as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior with 5 or more of the following:
- ideas of reference
- odd beliefs or magical thinking
- unusual perceptual experiences including bodily illusions
- odd thinking and speech
- suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
- inappropriate or constricted affect
- behavior or appearance htat is odd or eccentric
- lack of close friends other than first-degree relatives
- excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familarity

Front 31

What are the characteristics of antisocial PD?

Back 31

A pervasive pattern of disregard for an violation of the rights of others occuring since the age of 15 years as indicated by 3 or more of the following:
- failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors
- deceitfulness and connin others for personal profit or pleasure
- impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
- irritability or aggressiveness as indicated by repeated fights or assaults
- reckless disregard for saftey or self or others
- consistent irresponsibility
- lack of remorse
there is evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15

Front 32

What are the characterisitcs of borderline PD?

Back 32

pervasive pattern on instability of interpersonal relationships, self image and affects and marked impulsivity as indicated by 5 or more of the following:
- frantic efforst to avoid abandonment
- unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation
- identity distrubance
- impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging
- recurrent suicidal behaviors, getures or threats or self-mutilating behaviors
- affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood
- chronic feelings of emptiness
- inapprpriate anger
- transient, stress-related paranoia

Front 33

What are the characteristics of histrionic PD?

Back 33

pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking indicated by >= 5 of the following:
- uncomfortable in situations which he is not the center of attention
- interaction with others often characterized by inappropriate sexuality seductive behavior
- displays rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotion
- consitently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self
- has a style that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail
- shows self-dramatization and exaggerated emotion
- is suggestible
- considers relationships to be more intimate than they are

Front 34

What are the characterisitcs of narcissitic personality disorder?

Back 34

a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, lack of empathy as indicated by >= 5 or more of the following:
- grandiose sense of self-importance
- preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance or beauty
- believe he is special and can only be understood or should associate with other special or high status people
- requires excessive admiration
- has a sense of entitlement
- is interpersonally exploitive
- lacks empathy
- is often envious of others and beleive other are envious of them
- shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes

Front 35

What are the characterisitcs of avoidant personality disorder?

Back 35

a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation as indicated by > = 4 or more of the following:
- avoids social occupations that involve signifant interpersonal contact
- unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked
- is preoccupied with being critizies in social situations
- shows restraint in intimate relationships because of fear o being shamed or ridiculed
- inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feeling inadequate
- views self as socially inept and unappealing
- in unusually reluctant to take personal risks or engage in any new activites because they might prove embarassing

Front 36

What are the characterisitcs of dependent personality disorder?

Back 36

a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clining behaviors and fears of separation as indicated by >= 5 of the following:
- has difficulty makin everyday decisions without an excessive amount of reassurance
- needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his life
- has difficulty expressing disagreement withers because of fear of loss of approval
- difficulty initating projects on his own because of lack of self confidence
- goes to excessive length nuturance and support from others
- feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone
- urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a relationship ends
- is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of himself

Front 37

What are the characteristics of obsessive-compulsive PD?

Back 37

a pervasive pattern or preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness as indicated by >= 4 of the following:
- preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order or schedules to the extent that the major point of activity is lost
- shows rigidity and stubbornness
- perfectionism that interferes with task completion
- excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exculsion of leisure activity and friends
- over conscientious and inflexible about matter of morals or ethics
- is unable to discard worn or worthless objects even those without sentimental value
- reluctant to delegate taks
- adpots miserly spending style toward self and others

Front 38

What is the treatment for personality disorders?

Back 38

you cannot cure but can increase effectiveness of the patient's function
if it is ego-syntonic it will be difficult to engage the patient

Front 39

What may increasing levels of serotonin do for those with PD?

Back 39

reduce depression, impulsiveness, rumination and may enhance a sense of well being

Front 40

What drugs may be effective in modulating affective stability in persons with PD?

Back 40

low dose neuroleptics
MAOIs
Mood stabilizers

Front 41

What comorbid disorder should you screen for in persons with antisocial PD?

Back 41

substance abuse and depressive disorders

Front 42

What comorbid disorder should you screen for in persons with boderline PD?

Back 42

mood disorder

Front 43

What comorbid disoder should you screen for in persons with histrionic PD?

Back 43

somatization disorder