Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bacterium/bacteria |
the smallest and simplest organisms that can be seen through a microscope |
|
Innocuous |
species of bacteria that are not harmful |
|
pathogenic |
species of bacteria that are capable of causing disease |
|
virulent |
species of bacteria that are capable of causing disease, another term for pathogenic |
|
Cell membrane |
a tough protective layer that encloses nearly all bacteria |
|
gram staining |
a laboratory method that reveals differences in the chemical and physical propertiesof bacterial cell membranes |
|
gram-positive bacteria |
stain purple, have a single thick cell membrane, associated with healthy perio |
|
gram-negative bacteria |
stain red, have double cell membranes, believed to play an important role in the tissue destruction seen in periodontitis |
|
aerobic bacteria |
bacteria that require oxygen to live. |
|
anerobic bacteria |
bacteria that cannot live in the presence of oxygen |
|
facultative anaerobic bacteria |
bacteria that can exist either with or without oxygen |
|
biofilm |
a well organized community of bacteria that adheres to a surface and is embedded in an extracellular slime layer; forms rapidly on almost any surface that is wet. |
|
extracellular slime layer |
a protective barrier that surrounds the mushroom-shaped bacterial microcolonies of a biofilm; protects the bacterial microcolonies from antibiotics, antimicrobials, and immune response |
|
nonmotile |
bacteria not capable of movement. most bacteria in a healthy site fall into this category |
|
A. actinomycetemcomitans |
microorganism strongly associated with aggressive periodontitis. capable of evading host immune response and of destroying gingival connective tissue and bone |
|
T. forsythia |
microorganism associated with periodontitis. Most significant microbial risk factor that distinguishes subjects with periodontitis from healthy. most common species on or in epithelial cells from perio pockets. |
|
P. gingivalis |
microorganism found in low numbers in health/gingivitis and in higher numbers in periodontitis. Detected in aggressive forms of periodontitis. Inhibits migration of leukocytes across epithelial barrier. induces elevated host immune response |
|
Mixed infection |
periodontal disease is not caused by one organism but a "bacterial soup" |
|
transmission |
transfer of perio pathogens from the oral cavity of one person to another |
|
communicable |
refers to a disease that may be passed from one person to another by direct or indirect contact via substances such as inanimate objects |
|
acquired pellicle |
a film that forms over the tooth, composed of a variety of salivary glycoproteins (mucins) and antibodies |
|
fimbriae |
hairlike structures found on some bacteria. enable rapid attachment upon contact with the tooth surface |
|
bacterial blooms |
periods when specific species or groups of species grow at rapidly accelerated rates |
|
mushroom-shaped microcolonies |
Phase 5- mature biofilm- bacteria cluster together, they are attached to the tooth surface at a narrow base |
|
extracellular slime layer |
a dense protective barrier that surrounds the bacterial microcolonies |
|
fluid forces |
- of the saliva surrounding the biofilm, influence the shape of the plaque biofilm as well as the spatial arrangement of the bacteria inside |
|
fluid channels |
penetrate the extracellular slime layer- direct fluids in and around the biofilm- bringing nutrients and oxygen- carrying away waste products |
|
coaggregation |
the cell-to-cell adherence of one oral bacterium to another |
|
Tooth- associated plaque biofilm |
bacteria that are attached to the tooth surface |
|
Tissue-associated plaque biofilm |
bacteria that adhere to the epithelium |
|
Unattached bacteria |
free floating bacteria that are not part of the biofilm |
|
virulence factors |
the mechanisms that enable biofilm bacteria to colonize and invade the tissues of the periodontium |
|
peptides |
short chains of amino acids found in living bacterial cell membranes that control the transport of molecules in and out of the bacterial cell |
|
exotoxins |
harmful proteins released from the bacterial cell that act on host cells at a distance |
|
leukotoxin |
an exotoxin that may enable bacteria to destroy leukocytes in the sulcus or pocket |
|
bacterial enzymes |
agents that are harmful or destructive to host cells |
|
dormant bacteria |
bacteria in an inactive state in order to survive adverse environmental conditions |