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9 Cards in this Set
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•Many traits, especially secondary sex characteristics, are only expressed in one sex. •It does not mean that the genes are solely or necessarily located on the X or Y chromosomes or that the genes are not present in the other sex. •A good example is lactation, which is limited to females. •Traits governed by genes in the autosomes but manifested only in one sex because of physiology and anatomy. |
SEX-LIMITED TRAITS |
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•Traits that are dominant in one sex but recessive in the other are said to be sex influenced. •Traits governed by genes in the sex chromosomes. Another example is, color blindness in humans (X Chromosomes) and hairy ears in humans (Y Chromosomes) |
SEX-INFLUENCED TRAITS |
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•A genetic condition that affects the connective tissues that provides support to the body and organs •It can damage the blood vessels, heart, eyes, lungs, skin, bones etc. •Majority of this syndrome case are caused by mutations in the FBN1 gene, located on chromosome 15. •The FBN1 gene provides instructions for making fibrillin-1, a protein that is a crucial component of connective tissue. |
MARFAN SYNDROME |
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•is caused by a mutation in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. •The mutation involves an expansion of a specific DNA segment called a CAG trinucleotide repeat. •the CAG segment is repeated a certain number of times within the HTT (Huntinting) gene. •is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This means that an individual only needs one copy of the mutated gene from either parent to develop the disorder. •Each child with this disease has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene. |
HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE |
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•A genetic condition wherein the child inherits one copy of a mutated gene from each parent (both mother & father) •Example: Sickle Cell Anemia |
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE |
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•are common neurological conditions caused by mutations in the mitochondrial genome or nuclear genes responsible for its maintenance. •is inherited exclusively from the mother. •mutations in this DNA can lead to various mitochondrial disorders, impacting energy production and causing a range of symptoms. |
mtDNA-LINKED |
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•It is a mode of genetic inheritance by which the dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome •In males who have only one X chromosome, a variant in the copy of the gene in each cell causes the disorder. •In females who have two X chromosomes, a variant in one of the two copies of gene is sufficient to cause the disorder. •Females may experience less severe symptoms compared to males •There is no male to male transmission in X-Linked disorders •One example Fragile X Syndrome also known as FSX. •It is caused by the changes in a gene called Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) that is needed for brain development. |
X-LINKED DOMINANT |
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•It refers to a genetic condition associated with mutations in genes on the X chromosomes •A male carrying the mutated gene will be affected. •A female carrying the mutated gene with a normal gene on the other X chromosome will be generally unaffected. •Examples: Hemophilia A, Duschenne Muscular Dystrophy |
X-LINKED RECESSIVE |
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•Because the Y-chromosome is small and does not contain many genes, few traits are Y-linked, and Y-linked diseases are rare. •The concepts of dominant and recessive do not apply to Y-linked traits, as only one allele (on the Y) is ever present in any one male individual. •Since the only humans who have a Y chromosome are males, Y-linked traits are passed only from father to son. •Examples: webbed toes (syndactyly) |
Y-LINKED INHERITANCE |
