Pediatrics Brs Chapter 4

Front 1

APGAR?

Back 1

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respirations

Front 2

Thin hair that covers the skin of preterm infants?

Back 2

Lanugo

Front 3

Thick, white creamy material found in term infants and covering preemies

Back 3

Vernix Caseosa

Front 4

What is cutis marmorata?

Back 4

mottling of the skin with venous prominence

Front 5

T/F - Jaundice is always abnormal if detected within the 1st 24 hours.

Back 5

True

Front 6

Small cysts formed around the pilosebaceous follicles over the nose.

Back 6

Milia

Front 7

benign transient rash characterized by superficial vesicles over a dark macular base.

Back 7

Pustular melanosis

Front 8

Benign rash in 1st 72 hours of life, "flea bites on trunk", lesions are filled with?

Back 8

Erythema toxicum neonatorum, filled with eosionphils

Front 9

most common vascular lesion of infancy that is often transient

Back 9

Nevus simplex aka "Stork bite", "salmon pathch"

Front 10

Becomes darker with increasing postnatal age

Back 10

Nevus flammeus or port wine stain

Front 11

PWS + seziures and intracranial caclifications think

Back 11

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

Front 12

Head circumference below the 10th %

Back 12

Microcephaly

Front 13

Diffuse edema that crosses cranial sutures

Back 13

caput succedaneum

Front 14

subperiosteal hemorrages that are limited by cranial sutures

Back 14

cephalohematomas

Front 15

Premature fusion of the cranial sutures

Back 15

Craniosynostosis

Front 16

Ping pong ball head, not related to rickets

Back 16

Craniotabes

Front 17

Micrognathia, cleft palate, glossoptosis with Obstruction of upper airway

Back 17

Pierre Robin Syndrome

Front 18

Small, white epidermioid mucoid cysts found on hte hard palate, and usually disappear within a few weeks

Back 18

Epstein Pearls

Front 19

T/F - Preterm infants breathe irregularly with short apenic burst that last 5-10 secons and have no clinical significance.

Back 19

True - Periodic breathing

Front 20

Diminshed femoral pulses suggest?

Back 20

coarctation of the aorta

Front 21

Increase femoral pulses?

Back 21

PDA

Front 22

Umbilicus has _ artery and _ vein

Back 22

2 arteries and 1 vein

Front 23

Separation of the L and R side of the recuts abdominis at the midline?

Back 23

Diastasis Recti (no Rx necessary)

Front 24

Prescence of of urine draining from the umbilicus should clue u in on?

Back 24

Persistent Urachus

Front 25

T/F - Hypospadias is not associated with an increased incidence of associatiate Urinary malformations.

Back 25

True

Front 26

T/F - Epispadias is not associated with an increased incidence of associatiate Urinary malformations.

Back 26

False - often associatated with bladder exstrophy

Front 27

T/F - Cryptoorchid testes that do not descend by 12 moa are predisposed to malignancy.

Back 27

True

Front 28

Define preterm.

Back 28

< 37 weeks from 1st day of LMP

Front 29

Define postterm.

Back 29

occurs 42 weeks or more

Front 30

Define Small for Gestational Age.

Back 30

below the 5th % (due to IUGR)

Front 31

Define Large for Gestational Age.

Back 31

above 90th %

Front 32

T/F - Cyanosis always constitutes and emergency in a neonate.

Back 32

True

Front 33

5 T's of cyanotic congenital heart disease

Back 33

Truncus Arteriosus, Transposition, Tricuspid Atresia, Tetralogy of Fallot, Total anomalous Pulmonary veounous connection

Front 34

Lab workup of cyanotic neonate.

Back 34

1) ABG
2) CBC
3) CXR
4) serum electrolytes (glu)
if necessary 5) Cx, ECG, Echo

Front 35

T/F - Oxygen tests in infants with lung disease will usually increase PaO2 considerably.

Back 35

true

Front 36

Lab Assessment of fetal lung maturity.

Back 36

Lecithin to sphyingomyelin ratio > 2:1 + phosphatidylglyercol

Front 37

Incidence of RDS is highest in _.

Back 37

Preterm White males

Front 38

Diagnostic Lab for RDS showing?

Back 38

CXR with diffuse atelectasis and ground glass appearance and air bronchograms

Front 39

Treatment for RDS

Back 39

1) supplemental oxygen
2) CPAP
3) Mechanical ventilation if indicated
4) exogenous surfactant

Front 40

Diagnostic Criteria for Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Back 40

1) mechanical ventilation during 1st 2 weeks of life
2) clinical signs of respiratory compromise persisting beyond 28 days
3) need for O2 past 28 days
4) characteristic CXR

Front 41

2 most common causes of Persistent pulmonary htn of the newborn

Back 41

perinatal asphyxia and MAS

Front 42

Lab Important to R/O congenital heart disease

Back 42

Echocardiagram

Front 43

Treatment of Persistent pulmonary htn of the newborn

Back 43

1)prevent hypoxemia with O2
2) mechanical ventilation
3) ECMO
4) inhaled nitric oxide

Front 44

describe CXR in Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

Back 44

increased lung volume with diffuse areas of atelectasis and parencymal infiltrates alternating with hyperinflation

Front 45

T/F - Idiopathic apnea of maturity, a diagnosis of exclusion, may require respiratory stimulant medications for treatment.

Back 45

True

Front 46

T/F - Direct hyperbilirubinemia (>15% ratio) is always pathologic in neonates.

Back 46

True

Front 47

Breastfeeding jaundice.

Back 47

Indirect hyperbilirubinemia due to dehydration and dereased excretion (no milk yet)

Front 48

Breast milk jaundice.

Back 48

Indirect hyperbilirubinemia due to b-glucuronidase and high lipase content of breast milk.

Front 49

Lab Workup for Indirect hyperbilirubinemia.

Back 49

1) CBC
2) Retic count
3) Smear
:might indicate R/O sepsis

Front 50

Lab Workup for Direct hyperbilirubinemia.

Back 50

1) hepatic U/S
2) Hep Serologies
3) Radioisotopes scans of biliary tree
:might indicate R/O sepsis

Front 51

Clinical features of kernicterus and bilirubin encephalopathy.

Back 51

choreoathetoid cerebral palsy, hearing loss, opisthootonus, seizures, and oculomotor parlysis

Front 52

Esophageal Atresia is often associated with _.

Back 52

polyhydraminosis

Front 53

Most cases of congenital diaphragmatic herniation involve impaired growth of which side?

Back 53

left

Front 54

Treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Back 54

Intubation with mechanical ventilation (NOT BAG AND MASK)

Front 55

Central Abdominal wall defect in which the organs are covered with a peritoneal sac, i.e. a true hernia, and is associated with other abnormalities

Back 55

Omphalocele

Front 56

Congenital fissure of the anterior abdominal wall in the right paraumbilical area with no peritoneal sac covering and is not associated with other anomalies

Back 56

Gastroschisis

Front 57

Most common cause of obstruction in the neonatal period

Back 57

Intestinal atresia

Front 58

Characteristic CXR appearance of meconium ileus

Back 58

Soap-bubble

Front 59

T/F - Hirschsprung's is 5x more common in males.

Back 59

True

Front 60

Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Back 60

1) Bowel rest, NPO
2) Gastric decompression
3) ABX
4) parenteral fluids and nutrition
5) surgical management with exploratory laparotomy with resection as necessary for necrotic bowel

Front 61

T/F - Infants of Diabetic Mothers are large because of increased body fat and visceromegaly.

Back 61

True

Front 62

Treatment of Polycythemia in Infant

Back 62

Partial exchange transfusion (blood with normal saline)