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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cephalocaudal |
Downwards head to toeproximodistal |
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Proximodistal |
Outwards Arms and legs then hands and feet |
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These reflexes originate in the brainstem they are for protection or survival |
Primitive reflexes |
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These reflexes oriented, the head and body in space Allow child to maintain stability when changing positions |
Righting reactions |
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These reflects is stabilized the body Maintain balance, and protect from injury |
Equilibrium/protective reactions |
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When primitive reflexes don’t integrate at the right age what is this a sign of |
Damage to the CNS or brain |
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What is the childish showing asymmetry with reflexes? |
Injury to one side of the brain |
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Describe the onset and integration for rooting |
Onset birth Integration three months |
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Onset and integration for MORO |
Onset birth integration, 3 to 5 months |
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What is rooting? |
Stroking cheek at corner of mouth head turns towards stimulus |
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What is moro |
Allow child’s head to fall back 20 to 30° in supported sitting they will abduct and extend the shoulders extend the elbows wrist and fingers |
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What are the clinical implications of routing being dysfunctional? |
Could be a sign of depressed, baby they will turn away with full bellies. Persistence can interfere with oral motor development. |
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What are the clinical implications of MORO? |
Challenges with sitting balance, fighter flight kick in easily |
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What is the onset in integration of Palmer grasp |
Onset birth integration, 4-5 months |
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Onset and integration of plantar grasp |
Onset, birth integration, nine months |
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What is Palmer grasp? |
Pressure to palm finger flexion |
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What is plantar grasp? |
Pressure sole of foot flexion curling of toes |
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Clinical implications of Palmer grasp |
It’s a precursor to voluntary grasp patterns |
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What is a clinical implication of plantar grasp |
Persistence can limit and delay gate or affect gate pattern |
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What is ATNR? |
When you turn their head to one side, their arm or leg on face side, extend and abduct arm and leg on school, side flex, and abduct, fencing, or archer posture |
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What is the onset and integration for atnr |
Onset birth to two months integration 4 to 6 months |
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Clinical implications of aTNR |
Difficulty rolling no midline play with inability to grasp or look at objects on the same side scoliosis |
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What is STNR? |
Suspended prone position with flexion or extension of head. The response is head flexion, arms flex, legs extend with head, extension, arms, extend legs flex. |
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Onset an integration for STNR |
Onset 4 to 6 months integration 8 to 12 months |
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What are the clinical implications of STNR? |
Persistence limits were reciprocal, creeping, walking integration, coincides with crawling |
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What is tonic labyrinth reflex? |
When observing a child in prone or supine, if they’re prone flexed posture, dominates, if they’re supine, extended posture, dominates |
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What is the onset and integration for tonic labyrinth reflex? |
Onset birth integration, 4 to 6 months |
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What are the clinical implications of tonic labyrinth reflex? |
Abnormal response difficulties with motor coordination, planning and crossing midline effects, head control against gravity |
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What is primary standing reflex? |
Support infant upright to allow feet to make firm contact with a flat service code contraction of flexors and extensors to allow weight-bearing in lower extremity |
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What is the onset in integration for primary standing reflex? |
Onset, birth integration, two months |
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Critical implications of standing primary reflex |
Absent and children with hypotonia and primary muscle weakness, prerequisite for the primary stepping reflux |
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What is the stepping reflex? |
Supported stand position, reciprocal flexion/extension of legs |
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Onset integration for stepping reflex |
Onset, birth integration, two months |
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Clinical implications of stepping reflex |
Standing balance, CPG for volitional, walking and weight shifting |
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What is gallant reflex? |
Positioned in prone, stroke, lateral to spine from shoulder to iliac crest, response, lateral flexion towards side of stimulus |
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Onset an integration for gallant reflex |
Onset birth integration, 2 to 3 months |
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Clinical implications of Gallant reflex |
Sitting balance scoliosis, negative effects on attention |
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Landau reflex |
Prone suspension with trunk support, head, upper trunk, and hips and legs extend |
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What is the onset and integration for landau reflux? |
Onset 3 to 4 months integration, 12 to 24 months |
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Clinical implications of Landau reflex |
Poor response and infants with hypotonia breaks, flexor tone for development of head, trunk control against gravity |
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Begin in the first year of life assist in establishing upright positioning against gravity majority persist throughout life |
Righting reactions |
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Begin in the first year of life assist in establishing upright positioning against gravity majority persist throughout life |
Righting reactions |
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What is optical righting |
Vertical suspension tip child to the side child head should return to vertical |
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Begin in the first year of life assist in establishing upright positioning against gravity majority persist throughout life |
Righting reactions |
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What is optical righting |
Vertical suspension tip child to the side child head should return to vertical |
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Onset an integration for optical righting |
Onset, two months integration persists |
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Labyrinth righting |
Vertical suspension with vision, occluded tip child to the side child’s head returns to vertical |
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All set in integration for labyrinth Righting |
Two months to persist |
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What are the clinical implications for optical and labyrinth? Righting |
Facilitates development of head control, prone walking |
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What is neck on body righting |
Child and supine flex and rotate had to one side and hold child will turn body to the direction of the head |
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Onset an integration for neck on body Righting |
Onset birth integration, 4 to 5 months |
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implications for neck on body |
Needed to be able to roll absence result in lack of rotation patterns |
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implications for neck on body |
Needed to be able to roll absence result in lack of rotation patterns |
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What is body on body? Righting |
Child and supine flex, one leg and rotate across pelvis to the other side child would return to prone segment |
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Onset and integration for body on body Righting |
Onset birth integration, 4 to 5 months |
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Clinical implications for body and bodyrighting |
Rolling promotes transitions to quadruped persistence can indicate a CNS insult |
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Clinical implications for body and bodyrighting |
Rolling promotes transitions to quadruped persistence can indicate a CNS insult |
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Patterns that help, maintain balance and safety, when shifting the center of gravity and base support |
Equilibrium and protective reactions |
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Patterns that help, maintain balance and safety, when shifting the center of gravity and base support |
Equilibrium and protective reactions |
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Prone equilibrium reaction |
prone on tilt board and tips slowly to one side response, spine curves, so head and pelvis move in opposite direction as tilt |
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Onset an integration for prone equilibrium |
5 to 6 months to persist |
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Clinical implications for prone equilibrium reaction |
The last child, to maintain center of gravity in prone and prepare for upright |
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Sitting equilibrium reaction |
Please child in sitting on a tilt board or a ball in tips slowly to one side spine curve so head and pelvis move in opposite direction as tilt |
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Onset an integration of sitting equilibrium |
Onset 7 to 9 months integration, persists |
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Clinical implications of sitting equilibrium |
Allows child to maintain center of gravity, and sitting and prepare for quadruped standing |
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Forward protective reaction |
Vertical suspension, supported around trunk quickly plunge upper extremities forward and down towards the surface response reach towards the surface with extended arms and weight bearing ue |
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Onset an integration for forward protective |
Onset 6 to 9 months integration, persists |
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Onset an integration for forward protective |
Onset 6 to 9 months integration, persists |
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Clinical implications of forward protective reaction |
Protects head and body from forward fall |
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What is sideward protective reaction? |
Push sideways and sitting to cause loss of balance, shoulder, abduction with elbow extension to weight bear, lateral on arm |
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Onset an integration for side, word, protective reaction |
Onset 6 to 9 months integration persist |
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Clinical implication of sideward protective |
Needed for good sitting balance, protect head, and body from sideways fall |
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Backward protective reaction |
Push child backwards and sitting to cause posterior loss of balance, shoulder and elbow extension backwards to catch themselves from falling |
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Backward protective reaction |
Push child backwards and sitting to cause posterior loss of balance, shoulder and elbow extension backwards to catch themselves from falling |
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All set in integration for backwards protective reaction |
Once at 9 to 10 months integration persists |
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Clinical implication for protective backwards reaction |
Needed for good sitting, protect head and body from posterior fall |
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Developmental milestones 0-1 month |
Prone- lifts head up briefly and turns side to side Supine head turns side to side and tracks objects with eyes Sitting-holds head upright for 1-2 seconds Trunk is rounded with supported sit Standing reflex standing and stepping Crawling in prone Jerky stiff arm movements swipes at objects fisted hand cog lang-listens to voices, may smile, cries for attention |
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Developmental milestones 2-3 months |
Prone lifts head to 45-90° lift chest and weight bears on elbows prone on elbows Supine hand and foot play Sitting rounded back with supported sit head up right, but may Bob, head lag with pull to sit Poor weight-bearing Hands to midline and to mouth play Smiles faces |
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Developmental milestones, 4 to 5months |
Progresses to prone on hand and rolls prone to supine Rolls, supine to sideline playing with feet in supine (bottom lifting) Head steady with supported sitting starts propped sitting Chin tuck with pulling to sit Pivots in prone 30° There is weight through legs supported Grasps and releases toys Laughs in babbles turns head to sound |
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Developmental milestones month, 6 to 7 |
Reaches in prone, can weight shift with one hand for toy Supine to prone, log roll able to lift head in supine Independent sitting with head steady Still, bears weight supported Pivots in prone 360° Rakes and scoops objects Laughs babbles turns head to voice |
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Developmental milestones month, 8 to 9 |
Rocks on hands and knees transitions in and out of prone separate, upper and lower trunk, segmented rolling doesn’t like to be in prone anymore Moves in and out of sitting Pulls to stand Crawls and creeps hands on knees with reciprocal pattern Maturing, grasping pattern Babbles shouts for attention response to familiar people |
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Developmental milestones, 10 to 12 |
Transitions prone to stand Side sits, and short sits and sit to stand Cruises along surfaces Standalone with a few independent steps Walk with one handheld assistance Hold bottle or sippy cup with handles Pincer grasp to pick up small items Says mama dada Fear of strangers |
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Childhood 1-10 years |
Dynamic balance, along with independence years one through five Rapid muscle growth, coordination, and refining existing motor skills years 5 to 10 |
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Gross motor/fine 12-15 months |
Gross- Walks independently by 15 months creeps upstairs Bends over stoops and recovers Fine-builds three cubed tower throws ball in sitting |
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Developmental milestones, 16 to 24 months |
Squats in play kicks and throws ball walks up and downstairs with step pattern with a one handheld Attempts to jump or walk backwards Builds six cube tower holds crayon and fist with thumb up Can point to 3 body parts |
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Developmental milestones, 16 to 24 months |
Squats in play kicks and throws ball walks up and downstairs with step pattern with a one handheld Attempts to jump or walk backwards Builds six cube tower holds crayon and fist with thumb up Can point to 3 body parts |
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Developmental milestones, 2-3 years |
Walks upstairs alternating feet Jump down hop jump forward off of the floor with both feet Climbs on tricycle crayon, held with pronated grasp Makes circle and horizontal strokes with crayon Builds 8 cube tower Dress undress States name Vocabulary words Knows colors short sentences |
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30 month milestones |
Walk, run, tiptoe kick throw transitions |
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Developmental 3-4 years |
Jumps of floor with both feet Over objects Running galloping Tripod grasp (thumb and first two fingers by age three) Cuts dresses buttons hand dominance emerging Clear speech First and last name Abcs 1-10 |
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Milestones 4-5 |
Gallop skip one foot hop tip toe walk catches large ball Dress comb hair brush teeth tripod pencil tracing cutting shapes Knows address Full sentences 1-20 and s and a a bc Write name begins to read |
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Developmental 6-8 years |
Skipping alternating feet Jump rope hula hoop catch small balls Print name replicates letters shapes and numbers Cuts food with knife and fork Reading writing add subtract Spelling
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10-19 developmental |
Motor skills mature by 12 90% off mobility and reaction time of an adult by 12 Previously acquired skills improve quantitatively |
