Pediatric Drugs Ati

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Immunizations given at birth

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Hep B

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Immunizations given at 2 months

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Hep B

DTaP (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis

RV (rotovirus vaccine)

IPV (inactivated poliovirus vaccine)

Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type B)

PCV (pneumencoccal vaccine)

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Immunizations given at 4 months

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DtaP

RV

IPV

Hib

PCV

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immunizations given at 6 months

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DTaP

IPV (6 to 18 months)

PCV

Hep B (6-12 months)

RV

Hib

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immunizations given at 6 to 12 months

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seasonal flu shot

[trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV)]

> available as IM injection

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it is recommended to begin giving this within the first few days of life

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Vitamin D

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This supplement is recommended for infants being exclusively breast fed after the age of 4 months

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Iron

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Immunizations recommended for 12 - 15months

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IPV (3rd dose;between 6 - 18 mo)

Hib

PCV

MMR (measles mumps rubella

Varicella vaccine

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Recommended to be given 2 times at least 6 mo apart between 12 and 23 months

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Hep A

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Immunization recommended for 15 - 18 mo

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DTaP

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Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)

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available as a nasal spray

recommended for children at 2yo

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Immunizations recommended for children from 4 - 6 years old

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DTaP

MMR

Varicella vacine

IPV

yearly TIV or nasal LAIV

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Immunizations recommended for 11 to 12 yo

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Tdap

HPV2 or HPV4 in 3 doses for females

HPV4 for males

MCV4 (meningococcal vaccine)

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intradermal injection

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TB syringe

26 to 30 gauge

insert at 15 degree angle

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subcutaneous injection

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common sites: lateral aspect of upper arm, abdomen and anterior thigh

V of less than 0.5 mL

use 1 mL syringe

26 - 30 gauge needle

90 angle unless child very thin, then 45 degree angle

check policy for aspiration practices

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IM injections

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22-25 gauge needles

vastus lateralis recommended in infants and young children

ventrogluteal

deltoid -up to 1 mL

up to 0.5 mL for infants

up to 2 mLs for children

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acceptable meds for mild to moderate pain

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acetaminophen

NSAIDs

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acceptable for moderate to severe pain

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opiods

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common opiods for children

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morphine sulfate

oxycodone (Oxycontin)

fentanyl (Duragesic)

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combining an opiod and a nonopiod treats pain

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both peripherally and centrally

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intranasal injections are not recommended for children younger than

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18 yo

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transdermal/topical administrations are not recommended in children younger than

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12 yo

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meds used to sedate children prior to a LP

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(EMLA, at injection site)

fentanyl (Sublimaze)

midazolam (Versed)

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medications used for meningitis

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antibiotics for bacterial infections

corticosteroids for bacterial

>dexamethasone(Decadron)

acetaminophen w/ codeine

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medications used for reyes syndrome

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osmotic diuretics

>mannitol (Osmitrol)

Vitamin K

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nursing considerations for mannitol

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osmotic diuretics used with Reye syndrom to decrease cerebral swelling

>monitor for increased ICP

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why is mannitol given for Reyes Syndrome

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osmotic diuretics used with Reye syndrom to decrease cerebral swelling

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nursing considerations for Vitamin K

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subcut is preferred route

identify P sensitivity to benzyl alcohol or castor oil

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why is Vit K used for Reyes Syndrome

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it improves synthesis of blood clotting factors on the liver

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medications used for seizures-antiepileptic drugs

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diazepam (Valium)
phenytoin (Dilantin)
carbamazepine (Tegretol)
valproic acid (Depakene)
fosphenytoin sodium (Cerebyx)

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meds used for status epiliepticus

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loading dose of diazepam or larazepam.

if necessary, fosphenytoin followed by phenobarbital

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meds used for head injuries

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corticosteroids

osmotic diuretics

antiepileptics

antibiotics

analgesics

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corticosteroids used to decrease cerebral edema

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dexamethasone (Decadron)

methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

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antibiotics given for bacterial tonsillitis

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IM penicillin G

erythromycin

azithromycin

cephalosporins

amoxicillin

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medications recommended for nasopharyngitis (common cold)

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antipyretic for fever

decongestants for > 1yo

cough suppressants with caution

*** antibiotics and antihistamines are NOT recommended

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medications given for bacterial tracheitis

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antipyretics

IV antibiotics as prescribed

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meds for bronchitis

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antipyretics

cough suppressant

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meds for bronchiolitis

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nebulized bronchodilators

***corticosteroids and antihistamines NOT recommended

antibiotics are NOT recommended if RSV

Ribavirin administration is controversial

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meds for bacterial epiglottis

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humidified oxygen

racemic epinephrine

corticosteroids

IV fluids as prescribed

IV antibiotics

>deftriaxone sodium or cephalosporin

>start IV and then transition to PO to complete 10 day course

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meds for acute laryngotracheobronchitis and acute spasmodic laryngitis

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nebulized recemic epinephrine

corticosteroids:

-PO prednisone,

-IM dexamethasone or

- nebulized budesonide

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Amantadine (Symmetrel)

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for type A influenza

shortens time of illness

give w/in 24 to 48 hrs of onset

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rimantadine (Flumadine)

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for type A

treats menifestations

PO 2 times/day for 7 days

for children > 1 year old

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zanamivir (Relenza)

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for type A and B

for children 7 yo and older

prophylaxis for children 5 yo and older

start w/in 48 hours

inhaled 2 times/day for 5 days

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oseltamivir (Tamaflu)

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decreases manifestations

PO for 5 days

for children > 1 yo

start w/in 48 hours

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live influenza vaccine should not be given to:

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children who are immunocompromised

have respiratory conditions

pregnant

history of Guillain-Barre syndrome

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bronchodilators used for asthma

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short-acting beta 2 agonists

cholinergic antagonists

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short-acting beta2 agonists

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albuterol (Proventil)

levalbuterol (Xopenex)

terbutaline (Brethinel)

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short-acting beta2 agonists are used for

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acute exacerbations of asthma

prevention of exercise induced asthma

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cholinergic antagonists used for asthma:

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anticholinergic medications

ipratropium (Atrovent)

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cholinergic antagonists are used for

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blocking the parasympathetic nervous system, providing relief of acute bronchospasms

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corticosteroids agents used for asthma

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as anti-inflammatory agents

methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

>IV or PO

prednisone

>PO

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anti-inflammatory agents used for asthma

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corticosteroids

leukotriene modifiers

mast cell stabilizers

monoclonal antibodies

combination meds

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leukotriene modifier

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montelukast (Singulair)

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mast cell stabilizer

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cromolyn sodium (Intal)

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monoclonal antibodies

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omalizumab (Xolair)

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combination asthma medications

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fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair)

inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta2 agonist

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medications recommended for status asthmaticus

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3 nebulizer treatments of a beta2-agonist

>albuterol

>levalbuterol

>terbutaline

* ipatropium may be added to the nebulizer to increase bronchodilations

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medications often used for cystic fibrosis

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short-acing beta2-agonists-albuterol

anticholinergics-ipratropium bromide

fluticasone propinate/salmeterol

dornase alfa (Pulmozyme)

antibiotics-tobramycin,ticarcillin,gentamicin

pancreatic enzymes-pancrelipase(Pancrease)

daily Vit A, E, D, and K

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meds used for congenital heart disorders

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digoxin (Lanoxin)

captopril (Capoten)

enalapril (Vasotex)