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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chromosomes
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Thread like structure in the nucleus. Contains genetic information in the form of genes
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Complementary base pairs
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a pair of bases that can join to make the rungs of the DNA ladder - adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine.
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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a nucleic acid with deoxyribose sugar and phosphate as the backbone; the molecule that determines the genetic characteristics of most living things.
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Deoxyribose sugar
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one of the parts that make up a nucleotide
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Gene
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a section of DNA that carries the genetic code for a particular characteristic
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Nitrogen-rich base
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part of a nucleotide; the four types (A,T,G,C)
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Nucleotides
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the building blocks of DNA
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Phosphate group
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one of the parts that make up a nucleotide
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Autosomes
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all the chromosomes in a cell other than the sex chromosomes
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Centremere
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the point on a chromosome where the two chromatids are joined together
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Chromatid
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one of the strands of a chromosome following replication
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diploid number
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the number of chromosomes in body cells, two sets or 2N
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haploid number
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the number of chromosomes in gametes; one set or N
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Homologous chromosomes
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chromosomes with genes for particular characteristics at the same location
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meiosis
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the type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cells
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mitosis
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the type of division cell that produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell
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replication
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the process of making copies of DNA
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sex chromosomes
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the chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual; male = XY female = XX
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Alleles
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different forms of the same gene
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dominant
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the characteristic that is expressed in the homozygous condition
capital letter |
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genotype
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genetic information carried by an individual
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hetrozygous
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having two different alleles on homologous chromosomes
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homozygous
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having identical alleles on homologous chromosomes
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incomplete dominance
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one allele is not completely dominant over the other
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mutation
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a mistake that happens as DNA is copied, causing a change to the base sequence
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phenotype
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observable characteristics of the individual; the way the genotype is expressed
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pure breeding
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where all individuals have the same genetic information for a characteristic generation after generation
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recessive
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the characteristic that remains hidden in the homozygous condition
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sex-linked genes
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genes present on the sex chromosomes
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Adult stem cells
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cells that can make certain types of body cells
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differentiate
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become different from others
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Embryonic stem cells
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cells found in the embryo that are capable of becoming any other cell type in the body
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gene splicing
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the process used to add a gene or remove a gene from a DNA
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gene therapy
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the process of replacing a defective gene with a normal gene
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genetically modified
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having the genes changed
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genome
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the genetic information carried by a haploid set of chromosomes
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plasmid
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ring of DNA found in bacteria
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pluripotent
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capable of becoming any one of the 220 different cells types in the human body
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