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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sagittal
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Divides body into right and left portions
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Frontal plane
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divides body into anterior and posterior portions
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transverse plane
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divides body into superior and inferior portions
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superior
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nearer to the head
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inferior
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nearer to the feet
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anterior
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nearer to the front
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posterior
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nearer to the back
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medial
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nearer to the middle
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lateral
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farther from the middle
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proximal
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nearer to the trunk or origin
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distal
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farther from the trunk or origin
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superficial
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nearer to or on the surface
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deep
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farther down from the surface
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external
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toward or on the exterior
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internal
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toward or in the interior
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flexion
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bending or decreasing angle between body parts
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extension
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straightening or increasing angle between body parts
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abduction
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moving away from the midline of body
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adduction
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moving towards the midline (adding to the body)
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rotation
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moving around the long axis
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circumduction
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circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
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eversion
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moving sole of foot away from mid-line of body (hard to do)
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inversion
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moving sole of foot toward mid-line of body (foot stretch)
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supination
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rotating forearm and hand laterally (bowl of soup)
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pronation
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rotating forearm and hand medially. (palm down)
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protrusion
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moving anteriorly (tongue out)
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retrustion
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moving posteriorly (tongue in)
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protraction
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moving anteriorly (reaching out, or push up)
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retraction
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moving posteriorly (pulling hand back, reverse pushup)
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elevation
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moving superiorly (shrug)
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depression
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moving inferiorly (relax shoulders)
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Types of Joints
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fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
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fibrous
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bone ends/parts united by collagenic fibers
immobile or slightly mobile |
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cartilaginous
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bone ends/parts united by cartilage
immoble or slightly movable |
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synovial
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bone ends/parts covered with articular cartilage and enclosed within an articular capsul lined with synovial membrane
freely movable |
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Type of synovial joins
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planar
hinge pivot condyloid saddle ball and socket |
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Pivot
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Interface between a rounded/conical surface and a ring"sleeve" surface
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Planar
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interface between two flat articular surfaces
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Hinge
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interface between a convex/cylindreical surface and a concave/cylindrical groove
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condyloid
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interface between an oval surface and a complementary concave surface
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saddle
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interface between two surfaces both having convex and concave features
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ball and socket
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interface between a spherical surface and a complementary concave surface
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Atlanto-occipital
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condyloid joint
atlas and occipital flexion - extension - circumduction |
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atlanto-axial
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pivot joint
atlas and axis rotation |
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between adjacent vertebral bodies
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cartilaginous joint
slight movement |
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between articular facets
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planar joint
gliding |
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sternocostal
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cartilaginous joint
sternum and costal no movement |
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vertebrocostal
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planar joint
thoracic vertebrae and ribs gliding |
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sacroiliac
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planar joint
sacrum and ilium gliding |