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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The sum of fluids within all body compartments |
Total Body Water (TBW) |
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Comprises all the fluid within the cell (about 2/3 of TBW) |
Intracellular Fluid (ICF) |
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Term for all the fluid outside the cell (1/3 of TBW) |
Extracellular Fluids |
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The space between cells and outside blood vessels |
Interstitial fluid |
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Blood plasma is considered as |
Intravascular fluid |
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Facilitates the outward movement of water from the capillary to the interstitial space |
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Blood Pressure) |
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Osmotically attracts water from the interstitial space back into the capillary |
Capillary (Plasma) oncotic pressure |
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Facilitates the inward movement of water from the interstitial space into the capillary |
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure |
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Osmotically attracts water from the capillary into the interstitial space |
Interstitial oncotic pressure |
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Term for the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space |
Edema |
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Mosquito bite is considered as |
Localized edema |
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Edema in lungs is termed as |
Pleural effusion |
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Edema in the heart is termed as |
Pericardial effusion |
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Edema in the peritoneum is termed as |
Ascites |
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Term for generalized edema |
Anasarca |
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Edema in the feet is called |
Pitting edema |
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Effect of this hormone is fluid retention (won't peeee) |
Antidiuretic hormone |
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What is RAAS |
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System |
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It is the natural antagonist of RAAS |
Natriuretic Peptides |
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Angiotensin 2 is a |
Vasoconstrictor |
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It is the tendency of biological systems to MAINTAIN relatively constant condition in the body |
Homeostasis |
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The fluid intake is NOT sufficient is called |
Fluid volume deficit |
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Fluid intake EXCEEDS the fluid needs of the body |
Fluid Volume Excess |
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It is the diffusion of water cased by fluid gradient |
Osmosis |
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It is the ability of solutes to cause osmotic driving forces |
Tonicity |
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Reflects the concentration of fluid that affects the movement of water between fluid compartments by osmosis |
Osmolarity |
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It is the amount of hydrostatic pressure needed to stop the flow of water by osmosic |
Osmotic pressure |
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Decrease of water volume in the blood is called |
Hypovolemia |
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Loss of 1-2 L of water (2% of Body weight) is called |
Mild dehydration |
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Loss of 3-5 L of water (5% of body water) |
Moderate Dehydration |
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Loss of 5-10 L of water (8% of body weight) |
Severe Dehydration |
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When there is excessive fluid loss give... |
Flurosemide |
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Fever, hyperglycaemia, burns, blood loss are signs of |
Hypovolemia |
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These are for the reabsorption of water and SODIUM (2) |
ADH and ALDOSTERONE |
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Weight loss, Increase thirst, Decrease of Urine Output, decrease in BP, and Flat jugular veins are signs of |
Dehydration |
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A sudden change in position, decrease in BP is termed as |
Postural hypotension |
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Less tham 30ml/hour of urine output is called |
Oliguria |
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Increase in vascular system is called |
Hypervolemia |
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Increase in Interstitial space is callee |
Third spacing or Edema |
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Iso-osmolar (isotonic) fluid volume excess causes (2) |
Fluid overloading and failure to excrete fluid |
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Massive water retention is called |
Anasarca |
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Decrease transport of proteins is called |
Lymphatic Obstruction |
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Fluid imbalance depends on... |
SODIUM and its anions |
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What are the Anions of Sodium |
Chloride and Bicarbonate |
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Hyper osmolar imbalance is also known as |
Hypertonic Imbalance |
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Hypo Osmolar is also known as |
Hypotonic Imbalance (water intoxication) |
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ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE: Chemicals that carry electrical charges are called |
Electrolytes (duuuh) |
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Main organ that works to keep electrolyte concentration in the blood constant |
Kidneys |
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Normal range for Phosphate |
1.2 -3.0 mEq/L |
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Normal range for Magnesium |
1.5-2.5 mEq/L |
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Normal range for potassium |
3.5-5.0 mEq/L |
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Normal range for Calcium |
4.5-5.5 mEq/L |
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Normal range for chloride |
90-110 mEq/L |
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Normal range for Sodium |
135-145 mEq/L |
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It is the most common electrolyte disorder (>135 mEq/L) |
Hyponatremia |
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It is associated with water loss or sodium gain (<145 mEq/L) |
Hypernatremia |
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Where the salt is... |
Water moves in to maintain water balance |
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This electrolyte if high decreases the myocardial contractility |
Hypernatremia |
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This electrolyte is for normal nerve conduction and muscle functions |
Potassium |
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Term for low in potassium (>3.5 mEq/L) |
Hypokalemeia |
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Elevation of potassium is called (<5 mEq/L) |
Hyperkalemia |
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The most reliable tool in indentifying intracellular potassium level is |
ECG!!!! |
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Term for less calcium in the body (> 4.5 mEq/L) |
Hypocalcemia |
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Deficiency of this hormone can cause hypocalcemia |
Parathyroid hormone |
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This chemical is used to maintain the freshness of blood in blood packs |
Citrate |
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Touch the facial nerve and (+) twitching of the upper lip is what sign? |
Chvostek's Sign |
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Hand and finger spasm when blood flow is decreased is what sign ? |
Trousseaus's Sign |
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High in potassium (>5.5 mEq/L) |
Hypercalcemia |
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This condition might cause hypercalcemia due to high in P.thyroid hormone |
Hyperparathyroidism |
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This promote calcium retention |
Hypophosphatemia |
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If patient is always lying down _______ will form in the kidney (milk) |
Calcium stones |
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This vitamin help absorbs calcium |
Vitamin D |
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Low phosphate is called (<1.2 mEq/L) |
Hypophosphatemia |
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1. Long term lack of intake 2. Increased growth and tissue repair 3. Malnourished 4. Excessive intake of ANTACIDS Can cause... |
Hypophosphatemia |
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High phosphate is called (>2.5 mEq/L) |
Hyperphosphatemia |
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Most common cause of hyperphosmatemia is |
Renal failure |
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High in phosphorus will lead to |
Low in calcium and vice versa |
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Low in magnesium is called (<1.2 mEq/L) |
Hypomagnesemia |
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High in magnesium is called |
Hypermagnesemia |
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This is absent if high in magnesium |
Deep tendon reflex (DTR) |
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Over use of thus antacid can cause hypermagnesemia |
AlmagOH |