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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
edema can be caused by elevated ___ or low ___
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hydrostatic pressure
intravascular oncotic pressure |
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examples of increased hydrostatic pressure (3)
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DVT
CHF lymphatic obstruction |
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examples of reduced oncotic pressure (3)
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nephrotic syndrome
cirrhosis malnutrition |
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causes of lymphatic obstruction (5)
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inflammatory
neoplastic postsurgical scarring postradiation scarring parasite |
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causes of pulmonary edema (3)
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LHF
renal failure RDS |
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T/F: edema from CHF is more severe than from renal failure
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false: renal is more severe and generalized
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brain edema may be ___ or ___. one effect is ___
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local
generalized herniation through foramen magnum |
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micro sign of pulmonary congestion (2)
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thickened, fibrotic septa
macrophages with hemosiderin ("heart failure cells") |
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healthy adults can rapidly lose up to ___% of blood volume with little effect
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20
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an ecchymosis is typically ___ in diameter, and is initially colored ___ from ___. The it is colored ___ from ___, and then ___ from ___.
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1--2 cm
red-blue Hb blue-green bilirubin gold-brown hemosiderin |
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virchow's triad
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endothelial injury
abnormal flow hypercoagulability |
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arterial thrombi grow ___ with respect to blood flow; venous thrombi grow ___
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against
with flow |
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90% of the time, venous thrombi are in ___
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lower extremities
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a thrombus contains (4)
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platelets
fibrin RBCs leukocytes |
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venous thromboses predispose to ___
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infection
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___% of PEs originate from DVT. ___% are asymptomatic and undergo ___. death, ___ or ___ occur when ___% of circulation is obstructed.
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95
60-80 organization RHF cardiovascular collapse 60 |
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T/F: Obstruction of medium-sized arteries causes infarction.
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false: only hemorrhage, except if already in LHF
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Obstruction of ___ usually causes infarction.
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small arteriolar branches
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sources for systemic thromboembolism (4)
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intracardiac mural thrombi (80%)
aortic aneurysm atherosclerotic plaque valvular vegetation |
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destinations for systemic thromboembolism
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lower extremities (75%)
brain |
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fat emboli come from
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long bone fracture
soft tissue trauma burn |
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___% of fat emboli have clinical findings
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10
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