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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are intestinal nematodes
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round worms
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Enterobius vermicularis - what is it
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pinworm/threadworm
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major way to diagnosis enterobius
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scotch tape test
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are eggs in stool of patients infected by enterobius
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though you can find worms inhabiting the cecum, in general the pinworm eggs are not in the stool but need to be pulled off of perianal skin (through scotch tape test)
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what
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pinworm/threadworm (aka enterobius)
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what
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enterobius
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what on pap
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enterobius ova on pap smear
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Trichuris trichiura - what is it (alt name)
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whipworm
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what is whipworm
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Trichuris trichiura
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where is Trichuris trichiura found
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attached to mucosa in intestine
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what
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Trichuris trichiura eggs - note two ends of eggs
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what
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whipworm (Trichuris trichiura)
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sx of Trichuris trichiura
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dysentery
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distinctive fx of ascaris
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largest nematode in humans, can be up to 25 cm
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how acquire ascaris
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ingestion of the embryonated (infective) eggs with soil
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movement of ascaris through body
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In the intestine, the eggs hatch and
larvae migrate through the lungs (Loeffler’s syndrome) and back to the intestine where they grow in the duodenum. |
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how diagnosis ascaris
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recovery of the eggs in the stools.
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egg comparison for review
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roundworm examples
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what
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ascaris eggs
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what
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ascaris eggs
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cross section of what
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ascaris
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examples of hookworms
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Ancylostoma duodenale
A. ceylanicum N. americanus, |
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two major sx of hookworms
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gastrointestinal symptoms and microcytic
hypochromic anemia (from chronic bleeding) |
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how do hookworms enter the body
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use the skin to enter the new host and via blood reach
the lungs, the air passages and the duodenum. |
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what
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hookworm
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review hookworm
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for review
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Strongyloides stercoralis life cycle
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females live in crypts of SI, lay eggs, those develop into larvae. The larvae go to soil. The larvae enters the skin, to blood, to lungs and duodenum.
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Strongyloides stercoralis - subset, riskier
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get autoinfection - patient keeps infecting self
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Strongyloides stercoralis
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review
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rhabditoid larva vs. filariform larva of strongyloides
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strongyloides - fresh samples
one is bad, the other is worse |
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filaria what are they
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tissue nematodes
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Dirofilaria immitis
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heartworms
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life cycle dirofilaria
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for review
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filaria - issues - Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi
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direct damage at specific organ
damage to lymphatics - lymphedema - elephantitis |
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lymphatic filaria night time (Wuchereria
bancrofti and Brugia malayi) |
most active at 10-2 a.m. (mosquitoes most active)
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what
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Onchocerciasis
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what are lymphatic filaria
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Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi
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how are Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi transmitted
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mosquitoes
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what are Onchocerca volvulus
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subcutaneous filaria
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Onchocerca volvulus how transmitted
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black flies
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what is a name for the clinical dz by Onchocerciasis
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River blindness
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clinical features of loa loa
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Loa loa or the eye-worm - migrates continuously, africa, 12 noon, sheath, nucleus at tip
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what is a Calabar nodule
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subcutaneous inflammatory reaction caused by loa loa
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two dirofilaria
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zoonotic
Dirofilaria tenuis D. immitis |
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what is a trematode
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a fluke or flat worm
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what is and where is Fasciola found
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parasite of the biliary tract
associated with acute and chronic cholangitis |
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florida what filaria
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difilaria tenuis
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difilaria tenuis
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racoon!
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characteristics of dirofilaria
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skin of worm (cuticle) is thick
layered worm lateral thickening of cuticle**** |
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fasciola
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biliary tract of animals, esp cow, etc
secrete proline - stimulates GB epithelium in cow |
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fasciola
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review
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what
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fasciola
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most common route of infection of fasciola for humans
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water chestnuts
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size of fasciola
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measure up to 150 mm and have operculum
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Clonorchis-Opistorchis clinical
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biliary
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compare clonorchis vs. fasciola
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clonorchis is much smaller - among the smallest eggs that can find in human stool; eggs in the
feces are about 35 mm |
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clonorchis - location, associations
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Asian, cholangiocarcinoma
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Paragonimus - where found in us
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possums
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how get Paragonimus
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but usually snail, crayfish
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where do Paragonimus grow
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lungs (on radiology confuse with TB)
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eggs size of Paragonimus,
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120um - in sputum, in stool if swallowed
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four species of Schistosoma
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S. mansoni
S. haematobium S. japonicum S. mekongi. |
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schistosomes where go in body
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blood vessels
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life cycle schistosomas
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review
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life cycle schistosoma
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review
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all tremodes are hermaphrodites except
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schistosomes
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schistosoma mansoni
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review
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what is unique about schistosoma eggs (cf to adults)
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very immunogenic; adults not so
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schistosoma mansoni eggs - damage clinically
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portal HTN
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Schistosoma haematobium clinically
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urinary tract, bladder, vagina
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S. mansoni, S. japonicum and S. mekongi
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portal HTN (not Schistosoma haematobium)
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tapeworms (cestodes) - hermaphrodite or sexual
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hermaphrodite, chained together
adults: parasite of intestines |
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intestinal cestodes are alternatively known as
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tapeworms
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Taenia solium where found
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pork tapeworm
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Taenia saginata or Taeniorhynchus saginatus where found
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beef tapeworm
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Diphyllobothrium latum where found
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freshwater fish is final host after complicated lifecycle
aka broad tapeworm |
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tapeworms life cycles
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almost all have intermediary host (at in which they become infective)
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diphyllobothrium sx
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pernicious
anemia, because the parasite absorbs all the vitamin B12 and stores it in its body. |
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size of Diphyllobothrium latum
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The parasite may attain a size of 30 feet
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Diphyllobothrium latum life cycle
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for review
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Diphyllobothrium latum
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segments
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what
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Diphyllobothrium latum
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cysticercosis is caused by
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taenia solium
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what is cysticerosis
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inflammation of soft tissue, brain, eye, subcutaneous
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