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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Cestodes? Trematodes?
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segmented flatworms
non-segmented flatworms |
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* What causes Hyatid Disease? do these enter tissues?
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Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm)
yes, always |
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* What causes Cysticercosis? do these enter tissues?
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Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
yes, always |
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Which tapeworm, Taenia saginata (beef) or T. solium (pork), remains in the lumen (colon)?
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Taenia saginata (beef)
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Which types of worms have a scolex? what is it?
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tapeworms (cestodes)
the head, suction cup-like, attaches to intestinal lumen |
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What is meant by proglottids? what is unique about their reproductive ability?
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The body is composed of successive segments (proglottids) = tapeworms.
Mature proglottids are released from the tapeworm's posterior end and leave the host in feces. Because each proglottid contains the male and female reproductive structures, they can reproduce independently. |
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How does Praziquantel work? what is it used to treat?
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increases Ca2+ permeability --> worm detachment
* all cestodes |
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What is Taenia solium?
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Pork tapeworm (more invasive)
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What is the disease if you eat the eggs (gravid proglottid) of tapeworms? in which worm does this occur?
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Cysticercosis (taenia solium)
* you become the host (instead of the pig) |
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In Cysticercosis (taenia solium), what happens? what are the target organs and resulting symptoms?
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human becomes host --> worms disseminate
cysts, seizures (leading worldwide cause of adult-onset seizures), paralysis, seizures, vision loss |
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What is the best way to dx Cysticercosis?
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MRI
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What is the leading worldwide cause of adult onset seizures?
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Cysticircosis (taenia solium) tapeworm
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* What is the dog tapeworm? what disease does it cause? what role does the sheep play?
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Echinococcus granulosus (multilocularis is multiple locations)
Hydatid Disease Sheep is intermediate host, which the human becomes mistaken for |
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Does the Echinococcus granulosus or multilocularis have single or multiple cysts?
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Echinococcus granulosus = single
Echinococcus multilocularis = multiple |
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Which disease is most known to cause cysts in the liver?
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Hydatid Disease (Echinococcus granulosus)
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What is the most pathologic cyst (other than space-occupying in the brain)?
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rupture --> seeding adjacent areas, allergic reactivity, anaphylaxis
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Would you want to biopsy a cyst to dx Hydatid Disease?
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No! risk of rupture
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What is the intermediate host of Schistosomiasis?
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fresh water snails
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What causes schistosomiasis?
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tremadoes (non-segmented flat worms)
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What are the three variants of shistosomes?
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Schistosoma hematobium (bladder)
japonicum, mansoni (liver) |
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What is the form of schistome that leaves the snail and enters the human?
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Cercaria
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What is the tx for schisto?
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Praziquantel! (the wonder drug for Cestodes/Trematodes)
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What do large dams/hydropower cause an increase in (disease)?
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schistosomes (trematodes0
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What worm "pairing" is continuously copulating and can live in the blood for up to 20 years?
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schisto (3 variants)
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* Dx: what is the cardinal feature of embryonated eggs of Schistosoma mansoni (liver) in urine?
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Lateral spine
* japonicum (also liver) does not have apparent spine |
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* What are the symptoms of schistosomiasis?
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fever (Katayama), chills, hepatosplenomegaly, portal htn, urothelial carcinoma
--> eggs release harmful proteases, adults can avoid immune detection |
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What are three diseases caused by Trematodes, that are NOT schistosomes (and snails)?
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1. Clonorchis sinensis (chinese liver fluke) (raw fish)
2. Fasciola hepatica (watercress/plants) 3. Paragonimus westermani (crabs --> lungs, often confused with TB) |
