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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Classification of lice
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Insect
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Classification of fleas
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Insect
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Classification of bugs
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Insect
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Classification of flies
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Insect
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Classification of ticks
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Arachnid
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Classification of mites
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Arachnid
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Classification of spiders
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Arachnid
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Classification of scorpions
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Arachnid
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How do arthropods cause human disease?
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Suck blood, inject toxins, burrow into skin
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T/F: Ticks live for several years
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True.
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Females of several species of this aracnid family secrete a neurotoxin that blocks ACh release, causing paralysis.
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Tick [same mechanism as botulin toxin]
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T/F: Ticks can cause paralysis
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True (female ticks of several species secrete an ACh release-blocking neurotoxin)
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These are four diseases that are transmited by ticks
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Ricketsia ricketsii), hemorrhagic fevers (arboviruses, eg: WNV, EEE, WEE), tularemia, Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
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Scabies is this type of arthropod
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Mite (which is a type of arachnid)
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Life cycle of Sarcoptes scabiei
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(1) Female burrows into cornified epithelium and lays 2 eggs/day for one month
(2) Larvae hatch, make a separate burrow, and mature into adults |
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Signs and symptoms of scabies
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Itchy lesions. Itching is worse at night.
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Common sites of scabies infestation
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Finger webs, flexor surface of wrist, extension surface of elbow, axillary fold, buttock crease (warm, moist folded areas)
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Burrows of this mite are not always found--instead, look for erythema, small papules or eczema
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Sarcoptes scabiei
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Transmission of scabies
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Close, personal contact
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2-4% of outpatient dermatology visits are for this disease
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Scabies
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Patients with scabies have on average this many mites.
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Ten (10)
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Diagnosis of scabies
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Biopsy or skin scrape
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Treatment of scabies
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Permethrin
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The itch in scabies is due to this
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Hypersensitivity reaction (thus even though scabies is cured rapidly with permethrin, sx may persist for weeks)
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Size of tick vs. size of mite
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Tick: 5.5 to 7.5 mm
Mite: 0.3 to 0.6 mm (1/10th as small) |
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Latin binomial of black widow spider
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Latrodectus mactans
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The venom of this arachnid blocks the release of acetylcholine and causes paralysis
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Ticks (females of several species)
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The venom of this arachnid is a peripheral neurotoxin that causes spreading pain and numbness.
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Black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans)
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Treatment of black widow spider bite
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Antitoxin serum
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The venom of this arachnid is a necrotizing agent that causes edema followed by gangrene and ulceration
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Brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa)
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Latin binomial of brown recluse spider
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Loxosceles reclusa
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Treatment of brown recluse spider bite
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Steroids, plastic surgery
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The venom of this arachnid can kill children, usually by affecting the cardiopulmonary system
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Scorpion
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This arachnid delivers its venom through a stinger in the tail
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Scorpion
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Relative size of ticks, lice, fleas, mites, bedbugs
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Tick > flea > louse = bedbug > mite
6 mm > 3 mm > 1 mm > 0.6 mm |
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What are the three types of human lice?
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Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse)
Pediculus humanus corpus (body louse) Phthirus pubis (crab louse) |
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Of the three types of human lice, this is the smallest
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Crab louse (Phthirus pubis)
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Location of eggs (nits) of body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis)
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Clothes
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Life cycle of human lice
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1 week for egg to hatch, 2 weeks of larvae to mature to adults
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Lifespan of human lice
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1 month
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What is the total number of eggs laid by a single louse during its lifetime
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100 eggs (in 1 month of life)
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T/F: Lice, fleas and bedbugs all suck blood
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True. They suck blood and cause itchy bites
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Transmission of lice
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Contact (sexual contact in the case of crab lice)
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Treatment of lice
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Gamma-benzene hydrochloride shampoo
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Lice are vectors of these two bacteria
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Rickettsia prowazeki (epidemic, recrudescent and sporadic typhus), Borrelia recurrentis (relapsing fever)
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These lice are relatively common in all social conditions, whereas these lice are seen only in poor sanitary and social conditions
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Head lice seen in school children everywhere, body lice seen in poor social conditions only
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Latin binomial of human flea
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Pulex irritans
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Life cycle of human Pulex irritans (human flea)
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(1) Eggs laid in environment
(2) Larvae and pupa mature into adults in 1 month (3) The adult form can infect humans |
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Rat fleas are vectors of these two bacteria
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Yersinia pestis (bubonic plague), Rickettsia typhi (endemic "murine" typhus)
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These insects avoid light and suck blood at night, hiding in crevices and cracks during the day
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Bedbugs
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T/F: Bedbugs do not transmit any diseases
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True.
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Trypanosoma cruzi has this insect as its host
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Reduviid bug (Rhodnius)
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All species of mosquitos lay their eggs here
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Water
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T/F: Only female (not male) mosquitoes bite
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True.
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T/F: Only female (not male) fleas bite
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False. Both sexes bite.
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Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes
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Yellow fever, eastern equine encephalitis and other arboviruses; malaria; Wuchereria bancrofti (elephantiasis)
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This is the insect host of leishmaniasis
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Sand flies (Phlebotomus)
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Latin genus of Tsetse flies
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Glossina
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This is the insect host of African trypanosomiasis
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Tsetse flies (Glossina)
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Latin genus of black flies
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Simulium
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This insect lays its eggs in rushing water
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Black fly (Simulium)
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T/F: Only female (not male) black flies bite
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True.
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Intermediate host for Onchocerca volvulus (cause of River Blindness)
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Black fly (Simulium)
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This insect glues its eggs to stones or vegetation
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Black fly (Simulium)
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Definition of myiasis
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General term used to describe infection of tissue by larval flies (different species prefer different tissues)
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Treatment of cutaneous myiasis
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May require surgical excision
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T/F: In myiasis, mature larvae pupate in the tissue to produce adults
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False. In myiasis, mature larvae migrate out of the tissue and pupate in the soil to produce adults.
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