Paramedic -Cardiology Mosby Text

Front 1

Sole supplier of blood to the heart

Back 1

Coronary Arteries

Front 2

Blood flow through the heart

Back 2

systemic bloodflow, R atrium, tricuspid valve, r ventricle, pulmonic valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs, GAS EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE, pulmonary veins, L atrium, Mitral valve (bicuspid), L ventricle, aortic vavle, aorta, Body recieves oxygenated blood

Front 3

systole

Back 3

contraction

Front 4

diastole

Back 4

relaxation

Front 5

Stroke volume

Back 5

amount of blood ejected from the heart with each ventricular contraction

Front 6

preload

Back 6

volume of blood returning to the heart

Front 7

afterload

Back 7

resistance agagints the heart muscle must pump

Front 8

Starlings Law

Back 8

myocardial fibers contract more forcefully when they are stretched.

Front 9

Cardiac Output

Back 9

the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles per MIN.

stroke volume X Heart rate

Front 10

Vagus Nerve

Back 10

parasympathetic control of the heart

Front 11

Acetylcholine

Back 11

chemical mediator of the parasympathetic nervous system - decreases HR

Front 12

Postganglionic fibers

Back 12

relsease the chemical norepinepherine (increases HR, and increases force of muscle contraction)

Front 13

adrenal medulla

Back 13

secretes the hormones epi and norepi

Front 14

Calcium

Back 14

ion required for for cardiac muscle contraction to occur

Front 15

Cardiac Action Potential phases

Back 15

0-4
0- rapid depolarization phase.fast sodium channels open momentarily.
1- early rapid repolarization phase.- potassium continues to be lost, returns the cell membrane to its resting permeablilty state
2- plateau phase- calcium enters the myocardial cells
3- terminal phase of rapid repolarization. - inside of cell becoming negative, repolarization is completed by end of this phase
4- period between action patential. - excess sodium is transported out of cell and potassium transported back in

Front 16

Pacemaker cells

Back 16

generate electrical impulses spontaneosly (automaticity)

Front 17

Inerent rate of SA node

Back 17

60-100 BPM

Front 18

Inherent rate of AV node

Back 18

40-60 BPM

Front 19

inherent rate of Ventricles

Back 19

20-40 BPM

Front 20

Conduction of the heart

Back 20

SA node- internodal bundles- AV node - Bundle of HIS- L and R bundle Branches- Purkinje fibers

Front 21

Most common mechanism in producing ectopic beats

Back 21

Reentry

Front 22

Lead 1

Back 22

L arm= positive
R arm = negative

Front 23

Lead 2

Back 23

Left leg = postive
R arm= negative

Front 24

Lead 3

Back 24

L leg = postivie
L arm = negative

Front 25

P wave

Back 25

atrial depolarization

Front 26

QRS complex

Back 26

depolarization of ventricals

Front 27

T wave

Back 27

repolarization of ventricles

Front 28

Sinus Bradycardia

Back 28

LESS THAN 60 BPM

Front 29

Sinus Tacy

Back 29

GREATER THAN 100 BPM

Front 30

Sinus Dysrythmia

Back 30

Irregular rhythm

Front 31

Sinus Arrest

Back 31

short periods of cardiac stand still

Front 32

Wandering Pacemaker

Back 32

P waves change in morphology from beat to beat, Irregular rhythm

Front 33

Premature Atrial Complex
PAC

Back 33

P wave comes early, can be hidden in preceding T wave

Front 34

SVT

Back 34

Rate 150-250

Front 35

Atrial Flutter

Back 35

Sawtooth of picket fence pattern

Front 36

Atrial Fib

Back 36

irregularly irregular

Front 37

Premature Junctional Contraction

Back 37

P waves- may be associated with PJC, can be before durring or after QRS,

Front 38

Junctional Escape rhythms

Back 38

Rate 40-60 BPM,

Front 39

Accelerated junctional rhythm

Back 39

60-99 BPM

Front 40

Ventricular Escape rhythm

Back 40

20-40 BPM

Front 41

Premature ventricular complex

Back 41

wide and bizarre QRS complex

Front 42

1st degree AV block

Back 42

PRI longer than .2 sec)

Front 43

2nd degree AV block type 1

Back 43

PRI progressivly lengthens

Front 44

3rd degree AV block

Back 44

p waves- present but no relation to QRS
PRI: no relation exists between atrial and vent activity