Pacs

Front 1

PACs

Back 1

• Political action communities which raise and distribute money to candidates and to parties for the sequential win in electoral.

Front 2

Pocket Veto

Back 2

The last 10 days of lesgislation where the president refuses to sign on a bill

Front 3

Line Item Veto

Back 3

• The president doesn’t not sign on spending bills

Front 4

Executive Orders

Back 4

• The ability for the president to speak directly to officiers that influence the bureaucracy to not to promote abortion, while providing constructional basis to congress.

Front 5

Honeymoon Effect

Back 5

The highest point of approval by the public and congress for the president right after he goes in office. Congress/ media does not criticize the president.

Front 6

Signing Statement

Back 6

the president is able to write a pronunciation of how a law is interpreted and the bureaucracy will have to follow by it.

Front 7

Rally Around The Flag Effect

Back 7

• International affects that causes patrioism into the public and increases support for the president. (America is attacked)

Front 8

Go Through Congress

Back 8

• Mianly to get things passed by using vantage points (power, prestige, popularity, and patronage) in effect when using to persuade the congress that what the president wants is what the people want as well; national constituency

Front 9

Going Public (Above Congress)

Back 9

• President takes his agenda directly to the American people instead to the congress. He uses public opinoion to persuade congress to support him. the public will hopefully support him and set the agenda to congress.

Front 10

Go Around Congress

Back 10

• The president will use his ability in changing the interpretation of the laws to his liking by signing statements, and executive agreements.

Front 11

Go Under Congress

Back 11

• The president will use his intelligence to his advantage often acting illegally in achieving his goals. IE: spy cameras, wiretapping.

Front 12

Open Rule

Back 12

• The allowance of using germane amendments to damage the chances that the bill can be passed on the debate floor

Front 13

Closed Rules

Back 13

There many not be any more amendments brought up to influence the bill and a set amount of time is implemented onto its passage.

Front 14

Filibusters

Back 14

• The promotion of unlimited time for a bill to remain debated in the senate. Can be initiated even if one senator agrees upon it, which then might lead to the majority agreeing with that senator.

Front 15

Advertising

Back 15

• Congress men seek the approval of the public and show face in many public places where there are constituents. They have free mailing service too. They do this because of their need to be reelected because there are perks, little work, pristidge, good public policy, and power. Congress goes through the parachute effect, when they get in, they don’t want to leave.

Front 16

Credit Claiming

Back 16

• Members of congress create a perception that they are responsible for the good things that happen from the demand of the public.

Front 17

Position Taking

Back 17

• Members of congress take a strong position that the constituent has toward and fights for it.

Front 18

Pork Barrel Projects

Back 18

• Projects in which the public fights for and then the congress persuades the government to fathom. Costly projects where the tax payer is charged, but somewhat funded by the government. Increase the liking from the constituents so that congress will receive a positive feedback.

Front 19

Paradox of Public Opinion

Back 19

• Much percent of public do not support congress. 69% approve and 71% disapprove. The public approves of them when they get things done for the state (casework, representation, congressional behavior. The disapproval part is due to scandals IE: sex scandals.
• Large majority like the figure, but not the congress itself b/c they are good at what they do.

Front 20

Gerrymandering

Back 20

• The manipulation of electoral district boundaries to create an electoral Outcome.

How redrawing district lines can influence seats of the house. Used in racial gerrymandering to create a district central city with all African Americans, and will then dilute African american’s power.
• Partisan Gerrymandering occurs when districting lines deemed constitutional

Front 21

Majority/Minority Districts

Back 21

• Where the majority of people of one constituent are racial or ethnic minority. Dilutes the voting power of the minorities. majority of people in a district are in some sort of minority district. Used to make sure gerrymandering would not happen.

Front 22

Term Limit

Back 22

• The term surpreme judges hold are for a life time. They are set so that they can retain legitimacy and be free from pressure from public opinion, and to act directly on the constitution.
• Also to protect their income

Front 23

Original Jurisdiction

Back 23

• For a case to be directly inputed into the surpreme court to dealt with

Front 24

Power of the Sword

Back 24

• Federalist 78 said that the judicial branch is less powerful as it requires a enforcer to promote such actions as “sword”.
• Sword refers to the initiation of war, which is given to the president.

Front 25

Judicial Review

Back 25

• The power of the judicial branch to consider a law unconstitutional and rule in favor of the juristiction.
• The final say into a court decision involving the interpretation of the constitution.
• Power of the judiciary to examine, and if necessary, invalidate actions undertaken by the legislative and executives branches if it finds them unconstitutional.

Front 26

Marbury vs Madison

Back 26

• Gave power to the court for judicial review when they reconsidered the right

Front 27

Federalist 78

Back 27

• Federalist paper saying that the judiciary branch of government lacks power as it cannot take part in the purse or the sword. They need support from other branches to act.

Front 28

Judicial Restraint

Back 28

• The act of acting solely on what is said by the constitution. Strict interpretation of the constitution . It is bad for democracy because it leaves everything to be decided by the court. Its good because it allows legitimacy within the court

Front 29

Judicial Activism

Back 29

• Judges to interpret the constitution beyond the words of the constitution; to look broader to the societal implication of its decision.
• Be benefit if president has no strong constitutional basis,
• Helps insulate the courts to undermine laws that disrupt the constitution; and help disadvantaged groups

Front 30

Plain Meaning

Back 30

• Interpret the law based upon if the act truly violates the words in the constitution. Direct interpretation, supported by rep.
• Problems because constitution is vague and there are new issues now that weren’t problematic before.

Front 31

Original Intent

Back 31

• Interpret the law based on the original intent of the framers
• IE 2/3 black votes, women are 2nd class, no property no say
• These are non democratic

Front 32

Living Constitution

Back 32

• Interpret laws based on the belief that the constitution is alive and evolving. Take account for the lessons learned by US and further adapts to the current society. Constitution shall be changed to adapt because the current society uphold a lot of different things as compared to back then. Supported by demo.

Front 33

Statutory Interpretation

Back 33

• Judiciary Branch's Power to review and overturn bureaucratic rules and regulations if the court determines it is misinterpreting the constitution.
• Some legislation seem ambiguous and tend to change over time.

Front 34

Stealth Candidate

Back 34

• non controversial and likely hood of them passing is high. Candidate who are unable to answer key judicial elements. Don’t know how to judge, what side, when in supreme court

Front 35

Red Tape

Back 35

Excessive regulation or rigid conformity to formal rules that is considered redundant or bureaucratic and hinders or prevents action or decision-making. It is usually applied to government, but can also be applied to other organizations like corporations.
generally includes the filling out of seemingly unnecessary paperwork, obtaining of unnecessary licenses, having multiple people or committees approve a decision and various low-level rules that make conducting one's affairs slower, more difficult, or both.