Orthopedic Vocabulary

Front 1

AKA

Back 1

Above knee amputation

Front 2

Osteoblast

Back 2

Bone forming cell

Front 3

Osteoclast

Back 3

Bone resorption cell

Front 4

Osteocyte

Back 4

Mature bone cell

Front 5

Cortical bone

Back 5

Compact bone

Front 6

Cancellous bone

Back 6

Latticelike bone structure; trabecular bone

Front 7

Bursa

Back 7

fluid filled sace found in connective tissue usually in the area of joints

Front 8

BKA

Back 8

below kneea amputation

Front 9

Bursitis

Back 9

inflammation of a fluid filled sac in the joint (bursa)

Front 10

Cast Syndrome

Back 10

psychological (claustrophobic reaction) or physiologic (superior mesenteric artery syndrome) responses to confinement in body cast

Front 11

Arthroplasty

Back 11

replacement of a joint

Front 12

Callus

Back 12

cartilaginous/fibrous tissue at the fracture site

Front 13

Crepitus

Back 13

grating sound of sensation by rubbing bony fragments together

Front 14

Delayed Union

Back 14

prolongation of expected healing time for a fracture

Front 15

Diaphysis

Back 15

shaft of long bone

Front 16

Ankylosis

Back 16

fixation or immobility of a joint

Front 17

Arthritis

Back 17

inflammation of a joint

Front 18

Osteoarthritis

Back 18

degenerative joint disease

Front 19

Osteophyte

Back 19

a bony outgrowth or protuberance; bone spur

Front 20

Pannus

Back 20

proliferation of newly formed synovial tissue infiltrated with inflammatory cells

Front 21

Rheumatic diseases

Back 21

numerous disorders affecting skeletal muscles, bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and joints

Front 22

Rheumatoid arthritis

Back 22

autoimmune disease of unknown origin

Front 23

Subchondral bone

Back 23

bony plate that supports the articular cartilage

Front 24

Tophi

Back 24

accumulation of crystalline deposits in articular surfaces, bones, soft tissue, and cartilage

Front 25

Atonic

Back 25

without tone; denervated muscle that atrophies

Front 26

Atrophy

Back 26

shrinkagelike decreases in the size of a muscle

Front 27

Cartilage

Back 27

tough, elastic, avascular tissue at ends of bone

Front 28

Clonus

Back 28

rhythmic contraction of muscle

Front 29

Contracture

Back 29

abnormal shortening of muscle of joint

Front 30

Effusion

Back 30

excess fluid in joint

Front 31

Endosteum

Back 31

thin, vascular membrane covering the marrow cavity of long bones and the spaces in cancellous bone

Front 32

Epiphysis

Back 32

end of long bone

Front 33

Fascia

Back 33

fibrous tissue that covers, supports, and seperates muscles

Front 34

Fasciculation

Back 34

involuntary twitch of muscle fibers

Front 35

Flaccid

Back 35

limp; without muscle tone

Front 36

Hypertrophy

Back 36

enlargement increase in size of muscle

Front 37

Isotonic contration

Back 37

muscle tension unchanged, muscle shortened, joint moved

Front 38

Isometric contraction

Back 38

muscle tension increased, length unchanged, no joint motion

Front 39

Joint

Back 39

area where bone ends meet; provides for motion and flexibility

Front 40

Joint capsule

Back 40

fibrous tissue that encloses bone ends and other joint surfaces

Front 41

Kyphosis

Back 41

increase in the convex curvature of the spine

Front 42

Lamellae

Back 42

mature compact bone structures that form concentric rings of bone matrix; lamellar bone

Front 43

Ligament

Back 43

connect bone to bone

Front 44

Lordosis

Back 44

increase in lumbar curvature of the spine

Front 45

Ossification

Back 45

process in which minerals (calcium)are deposited in bone matrix

Front 46

Osteogenesis

Back 46

bone formation

Front 47

Osteon

Back 47

microscopic functional bone unit

Front 48

Parasthesia

Back 48

abnormal sensation (burning, tingling, numbness)

Front 49

Periosteum

Back 49

fibrous connective tissue covering bone

Front 50

Remodeling

Back 50

process that ensures bone maintenance through simultaneous bone resorption and formation

Front 51

Resorption

Back 51

removal/destruction of tissue such as bone

Front 52

Scoliosis

Back 52

lateral curving of the spine

Front 53

Spastic

Back 53

having greater than normal muscle tone

Front 54

Synovium

Back 54

membrane in joint that secretes lubricating fluid

Front 55

Tendon

Back 55

Connect muscle to bone

Front 56

Tone

Back 56

normal tesion (resistance to stretch) in resting muscle

Front 57

Trabeculae

Back 57

latticelike bone structure; cancellous bone

Front 58

Brace

Back 58

externally applied device to support the body or a body part, control movement, and prevent injury

Front 59

Cast

Back 59

rigid external immobilizing device molded to contours of body part

Front 60

CPM-Continuous passive motion device

Back 60

promotes range of motion, circulation, and healing

Front 61

Edema

Back 61

soft tissue swelling due to fluid accumulation

Front 62

External Fixator

Back 62

external metal frame attached to bone fragments to stabilize them

Front 63

Fracture

Back 63

break in the continuity of the bone

Front 64

Heterotopic ossification

Back 64

mispalced formation of bone

Front 65

Neurovascular status

Back 65

neurologic (motor and sensory components) and circulatory functioning of a body part

Front 66

ORIF-Open reduction with internal fixation

Back 66

open surgical procedure to repair and stabilize a fracture

Front 67

Osteomyeltis

Back 67

infection of the bone

Front 68

Osteotomy

Back 68

Surgical cutting of the bone

Front 69

Sling

Back 69

bandage used to support an arm

Front 70

Splint

Back 70

Device designed specifically to support and immobilize a body part in a desired position

Front 71

Traction

Back 71

application of a pulling force to a part of the body

Front 72

Trapeze

Back 72

overhead assistive device to promote patient mobility in bed

Front 73

Contracture

Back 73

abnormal shortening of muscle or fibrosis of joint structures

Front 74

Involucrum

Back 74

new bone growth around a sequestrum

Front 75

Radiculopathy

Back 75

disease of a nerve root

Front 76

Sciatica

Back 76

sciatic nerve pain; pain travels down back of thigh into foot

Front 77

Sequestrum

Back 77

dead bone in abscess cavity

Front 78

Tendinitis

Back 78

inflammation of muscle tendons

Front 79

Allograft

Back 79

tissue harvested from a donor for use in another person

Front 80

Amputaion

Back 80

removal of a body part, usually a limb or a part of a limb

Front 81

Arthroscope

Back 81

surgical scope injected into the joint to examine or repair

Front 82

Autograft

Back 82

tissue harvested from one area of the body and used for transplantation to another are of the same body

Front 83

Contusion

Back 83

blunt force injury to soft tissue

Front 84

Debridement

Back 84

surgical removal of contaminated and devitalized tissues and foreign materal

Front 85

Delayed Union

Back 85

prolongation of expected healing time for a fracture

Front 86

Disarticulation

Back 86

amputation through a joint

Front 87

Dislocation

Back 87

complete seperation of joint surfaces

Front 88

Fracture

Back 88

a break in the continuity of a bone

Front 89

Fracture Reduction

Back 89

restoration of fracture fragments into anatomic alignment

Front 90

Malunion

Back 90

healing of a fractured bone in a malalgned position

Front 91

Nonunion

Back 91

failure of fractured bones to heal together

Front 92

Phantom Limb Pain

Back 92

pain perceived in an amputated section

Front 93

RICE

Back 93

rest, ice, compress, elevate

Front 94

Sprain

Back 94

an injury to ligaments and muscles and other soft tissues at a joint

Front 95

Strain

Back 95

a musculotendinous stress injury (tear)

Front 96

Subluxation

Back 96

Partial seperation of joint surfaces

Front 97

What are the 5 p's?

Back 97

pain, pallor, pulse paresthesia, paralysis