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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are 4 types of ligatures/ligations?
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1) Circumferential: all the way around, slips
-place away from cut edge 2) Transfixation: go into vessel then around, won't slip -place towards cut edge 3) Miller's knot 4) Hemoclip or staple |
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How do you ensure that a ligation ends up in the crushed tissue?
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Use carmalt forceps and slide ligature into the crushed tissue and tighten there
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What does a castration or orchiectomy mean?
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Removing testicles
-according to baltzer neuter means anyway of preventing pregnancy (OVH or cast) |
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What are 7 indications for an orchiectomy?
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1) Overpopulation
2) Undesirable behavior 3) Prostatic disease -benign hyperplasia, abscess, cysts, prostatitis 4) Perianal adenomas -older intact males 5) Perineal hernias -2.7 fold increased recurrence if do not castrate at repair surgery 6) Testicular neoplasia -seminomas, sertoli cell tumor, interstitial Leydig cell tumor 7) Orchitis, especially following trauma |
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What age are dogs and cats typically castrated?
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5-7 months
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Castration increases the risk of developing what 8 things?
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1) Longer legs
2) ACL rupture -especially when fixed 6 mo or younger- need sex hormones to develop tendons and ligaments 3) Bladder cancer 4) Prostate cancer 5) Parvoviral infection 6) Hip dysplasia -severity increases w/ cast 7) Hemangiosarcoma 8) Osteosarcoma |
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What are the 4 components of a preoperative work-up for a castration?
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1) Cryptorchid?
2) General health of patient 3) Blood work 4) Prophylactic/ elective antibiotics -only indicated for orchitis or prostatic disease |
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What area needs to be clipped during the surgical prep for a castration?
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Clip entire ventral caudal abdomen
-clip scrotum but do not touch the clippers to the skin-induces severe inflammation |
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What must you do to the prepuce to surgically prep for a castration? What follows this?
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Rinse prepuce w/ dilute chlorhexidine 3 times
-follow w/ sterile aseptic prep of surgical site |
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Where is the primary incision for a prescrotal canine castration?
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INCISE OVER THE TESTICLE
-push testicle rostral over the ventral midline= prevents incision into penis/ urethra |
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What is a closed castration? Open?
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Closed: Unincised parietal vaginal tunic
Open: incise parietal vaginal tunic |
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When do you perform a scrotal canine castration?
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When performing a scrotal ablation
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How do you make your primary incision for a scortal ablation?
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Incise around the scrotum NOT through scrotal tissue in an elliptical manner
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Why can't you incise through the scotum when performing a scrotal ablation?
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If scrotum is incised and sutured it will develop severe inflammation
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What are the next 5 steps of a scrotal ablation after performing the primary incision?
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-Scrotum is dissected from the surrounding soft tissue
-vaginal tunic is opened over the testicle as w/ prescrotal approach -ligate spermatic cord (routine) -discard testes, scrotum & spermatic cord -close incision where scrotum used to be |
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When is a perineal canine castration typically performed?
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In conjunction with perineal hernia repair
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How is a dog positioned in order to perform a perineal canine castration?
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Dorsal recumbency
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What are 2 things that must be done differently in order to perform a perineal canine castration/
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1) Must displace testicle caudodorsal
2) Must use open technique to ligate spermatic cord |
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What are the 11 general steps of a closed prescrotal castration?
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1) One testicle manipulated cranially
2) Incise over testicle through skin, fascia 3) Manually extract testicle through incision (pop like zit) 4) Strip all subcutaneous fat and fascia from spermatic cord w/ dry gauze 5) 3 clamp technique 6) Ligation (1 encircling & 1 transfixation) 7) Cut and evaluate for hemorrhage 8) replace into incision and check for bleeding 9) Repeat for contralateral testis 10) suture parietal tunic simple continuous 11) Suture skin w/ intradermal pattern |
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What do you need to remember when ligating the entire spermatic cord together with double ligatures during a closed castration?
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-1 circumferential 1 transfixing
-transfixing suture should be aimed for passing the suture through the ductus deferens |
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When is a closed canine castration recommended?
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For dogs < 20 kgs
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What are the pros of a closed castration?
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-Decreased chance of ascending infection
-Reduced surgery time and suture time |
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What are the cons of a closed canine castration?
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Less secure ligation than open
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What is different in the procedure for an open castration compared to a closed castration?
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-ductus deferens and pampiniform plexus ligated together or separate
-parietal vaginal tunic and cremaster muscle ligated distal to ductus/pampiniform ligatures |
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When is an open castration recommended?
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> 20 kg
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What are the pros of an open castration?
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More secure ligatures
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What are the cons of an open castration?
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Vaginal tunic communicates with the peritoneum:
-increased chance of ascending infection -increased operating time -increased amount of suture used |
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What is different when performing a modified open K9 castration?
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-incise into parietal vaginal tunic and extend incision w/ metzenbaums
-breakdown ligament of tail of epididymis -double ligate pampiniform plexus and replace into tunic -ligate the tunic, ductus deferens, cremaster together proximal to the opening you made in the parietal vaginal tunic |
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What are the 3 components of post-operative care of a castration?
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1) Prevent self trauma
2) Pain management 3) Remove adherent blood |