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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
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technique used to separate compounds based on differences in boiling point
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distillation
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compounds with a high vapor pressure and low boiling point are
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volatile
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occurs at temperatures bellow the compunctions boiling point, and results in the transition from liquid to vapor of only the molecules on the liquids surface
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evaporation
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pressure exerted by the gaseous molecules on the walls of the container
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equilibrium vapor pressure
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the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the external pressure applied to the surface of the liquid
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boiling point
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Vapor pressure of two volatile compounds
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Pt = P1X1 + P2X2
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when two liquids form a homogeneous solution they are
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miscible
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the vapor produced by distillation that rises and is reliquified
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distillate
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seperation of compunds occurs in one vaporization step
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simple distillation
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has the effect of many simple distillations
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fractional distillation
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used when the bp of compounds differ by less than 40 degrees
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fractional distillation
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each condensation and revaporization that occurs on a fractionating column
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theoretical plate
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temperature in which the solid is in equilibrium with tits liquid
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melting point
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traces of solvents appear as droplets on the outside surface of the sample
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sweating
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a purification process used to remove impurities from organic compounds that are solid at room temperature
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recrystalization
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occurs when a compound is insoluble in a solution at a temperature above the compounds melting point
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oiling out
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remainings olvent from which the crystals are filtered from
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mother liquor
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a technique for analyzing, identifying, or seperating mixtures of compounds
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chromatography
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mobile phase of TLC
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eluent
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stationary phase of TLC
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TLC plate
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covered container with a shallow layer of the mobile phase liquid at the bottom
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developing chamber
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tlc plate after seperation is complete
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chromatogram
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ratio of the distance a compound moves to the distance that the eluent from moves
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retention factor
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mobile phase of column chromatography
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eluent/solvent
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stationary phase of column chromatography
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solid absorbent
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selectively dissolves one or more of the mixtures compounds into an appropriate solvent
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extraction
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solution of the dissolved compounds
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extract
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suspension of small drops of one liquid in another liquid
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emulsion
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mobile phase of Gas chromatography
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inert gas
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stationary phase of Gas chromatography
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liquid film supported on a solid
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time required for the compound to pass through the column
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retention time
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contain heated filaments whose electrical resistance varies with temperature
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thermal conductivity detectors
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stream from collumn passes through hydrogen flame and the ions formed by the combustion of the compound are captured by a grid to produce a current
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flame ionization detector
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control the sensitivity of the instrument and the amplitude of the peaks on the chart
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attenuation
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