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44 Cards in this Set
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Alkenes to Halogenoalkanes (Reagent, condition and type of reaction)
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Hydrogen bromide/HBr Room temperature Nucleophilic addition Reaction |
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Alkenes to Alkanes 2x (Reagent, catalyst, conditions and type of reaction) |
Nucleophilic addition Reaction 1) Hydrogen gas, very fine nickle catalyst, 150 degrees and 50 atmospheres OR 2) Hydrogen gas, platinum catalyst, at room temperature |
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Alkenes to Halogenoalkanes |
Hydrogen bromide/HBr Room temperature Nucleophilic addition Reaction |
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Alkenes to Alkanes |
Nucleophilic addition Reaction 1) Hydrogen gas, very fine nickle catalyst, 150 degrees and 50 atmospheres OR 2) Hydrogen gas, platinum catalyst, at room temperature |
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Alkane to Halogenoalkane (Type of reaction, reagent and conditions) |
Radical Substitution Bromine liquid/Br2(l)/Halogen UV or Sunlight |
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Alkane to Halogenoalkane |
Radical Substitution Bromine liquid/Br2(l)/Halogen UV or Sunlight |
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Halogenoalkane to Amine (Type of reaction, reagent and conditions) |
Nucleophilic substitution,
Concentrated NH3(aq)/ammonia Heat in sealed tube Amines can act as bases/proton acceptors forming NH3+ |
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Halogenoalkane to Amine |
Nucleophilic substitution, Concentrated NH3(aq)/ammonia Heat in sealed tube Amines can act as bases/proton acceptors forming NH3+ |
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Halogenoalkane to nitrile (Type of reaction, reactant and conditions) |
Nucleophilic substitution, NaCN in aqueous ethanol solution, heat under reflux |
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Halogenoalkane to nitrile |
Nucleophilic substitution, NaCN in aqueous ethanol solution, heat under reflux |
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Nitrile to carboxylic acid (type of reaction, reagents, and conditions) |
Hydrolysis reaction with H+ ions/ water and heat under reflux |
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Nitrile to carboxylic acid |
Hydrolysis reaction with H+ ions/ water and heat under reflux |
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Halogenoalkane to alcohol (Type of reaction, reagents and conditions) |
Nucleophilic substitution, NaOH(aq), heat under reflux with ethanol |
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Halogenoalkane to alcohol |
Nucleophilic substitution, NaOH(aq), heat under reflux with ethanol |
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Alcohol to halogenoalkane (Type of reaction, reagents and conditions) |
Nucleophilic substitution, NaBr(s), concentrated sulphuric acid, heat under reflux |
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Alcohol to halogenoalkane |
Nucleophilic substitution, NaBr(s), concentrated sulphuric acid, heat under reflux |
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Alcohol to Alkene (Type of reaction, 3x reagents and conditions) |
Elimination Reaction 1) Al2O3 (s) at 300 degrees 2) Concentrated sulphuric acid, heat under reflux followed by water 3) Ethanol vapours over phosphoric acid, steam 300 degrees, at 60 atm |
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Alcohol to Alkene |
Elimination Reaction
1) Al2O3 (s) at 300 degrees 2) Concentrated sulphuric acid, heat under reflux followed by water 3) Ethanol vapours over phosphoric acid, steam 300 degrees, at 60 atm |
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Alcohol to Aldehyde (Type of reaction, reagents and conditions) |
Oxidation reaction Cr2O7 2- / H+(aq) Distillation |
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Alcohol to Aldehyde |
Oxidation reaction Cr2O7 2- / H+(aq) Distillation |
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Aldehyde to Alcohol (Type of reaction and reagents) |
Reduction NaBH4 |
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Aldehyde to Alcohol |
Reduction NaBH4 |
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Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid (Type of reaction, reagents and conditions) |
Oxidation reaction Cr2O7 2- / H+(aq) Heat under reflux |
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Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid |
Oxidation reaction Cr2O7 2- / H+(aq) Heat under reflux |
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Carboxylic acid to ester (Type of reaction x 2, reagent, catalyst and conditions) |
Esterification/Condensation
R'OH/phenol with concentrated sulphuric acid catalyst Heat under reflux |
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Carboxylic acid to ester |
Esterification/Condensation R'OH/phenol with concentrated sulphuric acid catalyst Heat under reflux |
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Ester to Carboxylic acid (Type of reaction and reagents) |
Hydrolysis H+ (aq)/ H2O |
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Ester to Carboxylic acid |
Hydrolysis H+ (aq)/ H2O |
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Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride (Type of reaction, reagent and conditions) |
Nucleophilic substitution SCl2O Heat under reflux in anhydrous conditions |
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Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride |
Nucleophilic substitution SCl2O Heat under reflux in anhydrous conditions |
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Acyl chloride to Ester (Type of reaction, reagent and conditions) |
Acylation R'OH/Phenol Room temperature in anhydrous conditions |
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Acyl chloride to Ester |
Acylation R'OH/Phenol Room temperature in anhydrous condition |
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Acyl chloride to primary amide (Type of reaction, reagent and conditions) |
Acylation Concentrated ammonia/NH3 (aq) Room temperature in anhydrous condition |
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Acyl chloride to primary amide |
Acylation Concentrated ammonia/NH3 (aq) Room temperature in anhydrous condition |
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Acyl chloride to secondary amide (Type of reaction, reagent and conditions) |
Acylation R'NH2 Room temperature in anhydrous condition |
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Acyl chloride to secondary amide |
Acylation R'NH2 Room temperature in anhydrous condition |
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Primary amide in acid/alkali conditions (Type of reaction and conditions) |
Hydrolysis Heat under reflux with either H+ (aq) or OH-(aq) |
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Primary amide in acid/alkali conditions |
Hydrolysis Heat under reflux with either H+ (aq) or OH-(aq) |
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Secondary alcohol to ketone (Type of reaction, reagents and conditions) |
Oxidation reaction Cr2O7 2-/H+ (aq) Heat under reflux |
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Secondary alcohol to ketone |
Oxidation reaction Cr2O7 2-/H+ (aq) Heat under reflux |
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Ketone to Secondary alcohol (Type of reaction and reagent) |
Reduction reaction NaBH4 |
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Ketone to Secondary alcohol |
Reduction reaction NaBH4 |
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Ketone to Cyanohydrin (Type of reaction and reagents) |
Nucleophilic Addition HCN and a small amount of OH- |
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Ketone to Cyanohydrin |
Nucleophilic Addition HCN and a small amount of OH- |
