Organic Chemistry 2

Front 1

Describe how the combustion and reaction of sodium with methanol and propanol differ.

Back 1

methanol - stronger fizzing, blue flame, complete combustion

propanol - gentle fizzing, yellow flame, incomplete combustion

Front 2

A student ferments sugar with yeast to make ethanol. What change is seen in limewater and why does it change?

Back 2

goes cloudy due to CO2 produced

Front 3

The polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is non- biodegradable. Give one problem caused by this. (1 mark)

Back 3

- does not decompose in landfill

Front 4

Name the gas produced when sodium is added to ethanol

Back 4

hydrogen

Front 5

Methanol is used to produce methanoic acid. What type of substance reacts with methanol to produce methanoic acid?

Back 5

oxidising agent

Front 6

What is the formula for ethanoic acid?

Back 6

CH3COOH/C2H4O2

Front 7

Ethanol and butanoic acid are reacted together, in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to make ethyl butanoate. Why is the concentrated sulfuric acid present?

Back 7

catalyst

Front 8

Give 3 uses of ethanol

Back 8

Fuel, Solvent, Alcoholic Drinks

Front 9

Bromine water is reacted with ethene. What type of reaction is this?

Back 9

addition reaction

Front 10

Compare the polymerisation reaction used to produce polyethene with the polymerisation reaction used to produce a polyester. (4 marks)

Back 10

any four from:

• poly(ethene) produced by addition polymerisation whereas polyester bycondensation polymerisation

• poly(ethene) produced from one monomer wheareas polyester producedfrom two different monomers

• poly(ethene) produced from ethene / alkene whereas polyester from a(di)carboxylic acid and a diol / alcohol

• poly(ethene) is the only product formed whereas polyester water alsoproduced

• poly(ethene) repeating unit is a hydrocarbon whereas polyester has an esterlinkage

Front 11

Tablet containers are often made from two different polymers e.g poly(propene) and poly(ethene). The tablet containers could be disposed of in a landfill site or could be recycled.

1) Suggest two reasons why disposing of the tablet containers in a landfill site could cause problems (2 marks)

2) Suggest one reason why recycling the tablet containers may be difficult (1 mark)

Back 11

1) any 2 from

- non-biodegradable - landfill sites are filling up

- waste of a resource/could be recycled

2) any 1 from

- two different polymers/plastics/materials

- need to be separated

- limited collection points

- tablets may still be present

Front 12

What is formed when amino acids polymerise?

What type of polymerisation is this?

Back 12

polypeptides

condensation

Front 13

Give the names and formulae of the two different functional groups in an amino acid

Back 13

carboxylic acid (COOH)

amine group (NH2)

Front 14

Describe the structure of DNA (3 marks)

Back 14

two polymer chains, double helix, 4 different monomers/nucleotides

Front 15

Figure 2 shows a few short chains of PVC molecules.

Explain why PVC softens and melts when heated.

Use figure 2 and your knowledge of structure and bonding to answer the question (3 marks)

Back 15

- weak intermolecular forces (1) so little amounts of energy required (1) to overcome forces (1)

Front 16

What affects the properties of polymers?

Back 16

- their monomers

Front 17

Explain why the properties between LDPE and HDPE differ

Back 17

LDPE - polymer chains are randomly branched and cannot pack closely together

HDPE - made up of straighter polyethene chains, can pack more closely together

Front 18

What two things are needed to form a polyester?

Back 18

- diol and dicarboxylic acid

Front 19

Poly(ethene) is a thermosoftening polymer.

Suggest why poly(ethene) is easier to recycle than thermosetting polymers (2 marks)

Back 19

- polyethene will melt when heated (1)

- easier to reshape into different products (1)

Front 20

Ethene produces different forms of poly(ethene).

How can different forms of poly(ethene) be produced from ethene? (1 mark)

Back 20

- change the conditions polyethene is produced in (1)

Front 21

Explain why HDPE has a higher density than LDPE (2 marks)

Back 21

- polymer chains are closer together/unbranched polymer chains in HDPE (1)

- more atoms per unit volume (1)

Front 22

What conditions would be needed for fermentation?

Back 22

- warm

- anaerobic

Front 23

Write a word equation for the reaction between potassium carbonate and ethanoic acid

Back 23

potassium carbonate + ethanoic acid > potassium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water

Front 24

How would the reactions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with sodium carbonate differ?

Back 24

- more bubbles produced with HCl for the same time period than ethanoic

Front 25

What catalyst is needed to make ethyl ethanoate?

Back 25

- concentrated sulfuric acid

Front 26

Ethanoic acid is a weak acid.

Explain in detail what this means

Back 26

- doesn't fully ionise in water

- less H+ ions than a strong acid of the same concentration