Orbit And Eye

Front 1

1. sphenoid
2. zygomatic
3. maxillary
4. palatine
5. lacrimal
6. ethmoid
7. frontal

Back 1

label the bones

Front 2

what is the orbital linig that is continuous with the dura mater?

Back 2

the orbital lining

Front 3

what enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure?

Back 3

CN III, IV, VI, and V1
and opthalmic veins

Front 4

what enters the orbit through the optic canal?

Back 4

CN II, opthalmic artery, and sympathetics

Front 5

what enters through the inferior orbital fissure?

Back 5

CN V2 (zygomatic nerve and infraorbital nerve) and artery and veins to pterygoid plexus

Front 6

what is the relationship between the conjunctival epi and the corneal epi? What kind of epi are they?

Back 6

they are continuous, stratified squamous epi

Front 7

1. plica semilunaris
2. lacrimal caruncle
3. lacrimal puncta
4. lacrimal papilla

Back 7

label

Front 8

describe the flow of tears out of the eye.

Back 8

lacrimal gland, lacrimal ducts, conjunctival sac, puncta, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, lacrimal duct, inferior meatus of nasal cavity

Front 9

1. anterior ethmoidal
2. posterior ethmoidal
3. opthalmic artery
4. central retinal
5. posterior ciliary
6. lacrimal
7. supraorbital
8. supratrochlear

Back 9

label the arteries

Front 10

starting superiorly and then moving infero-medially what are three arteries that travel through the orbit and end up traveling on the periosteum?

Back 10

supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal

Front 11

what artery is found in the orbital septum and what artery supplies it?

Back 11

the palpebral artery from the lacrimal artery

Front 12

what artery can be seen on the eye itself and what does it supply?

Back 12

the anterior ciliary artery whcih supplies the anterior eye and the conjunctivum

Front 13

1. cavernous sinus
2. superior opthalmic vein
3. vorticose veins
4. facial vein
5. inferior opthalmic vein
6. pterygoid plexus

Back 13

label

Front 14

what type of pathology looks like a black eye but has no history of trauma? how does this occur?

Back 14

a carotid fistula when the internal carotid has an aneurysm in the cavernous sinus, but luckily blood stays in the venous sinus system

Front 15

1. sup. oblique
2. medial rectus
3. inferior rectus
4. lateral rectus
5. superior rectus
6. levator palpebrae superioris

Back 15

label

Front 16

the occulomotor nerve innervates all the extrinsic muscles of the eye except what muscles (give the nerves that do innervate them)?

Back 16

the sup. oblique from the trochlear nerve and the lateral rectus from the abducens nerve.

Front 17

what fascia is on posterior eyeball and muscles? what ligs is it continuos with and what is the function of these ligs?

Back 17

the bulbar fascia which is continuous with the check ligs which anchors the eyeball and muscles and restricts movement

Front 18

all of the extrinsic eye muscles arise from the common tendinous ring except which ones? Where do all the muscles insert?

Back 18

the levator palpebrae superioris, the inferior oblique and the superior oblique do not origniate from the ring. They all insert into the sclera

Front 19

what are the individual actions of the extrinsic muscles?

Back 19

SR: elevate
MR: adduct
IR: depress
SO: depress
LR: abduct
IO: elevate

Front 20

what combination of extrinsic eye muscles act together to adduct? abduct?

Back 20

SR, MR, IR ->adduct
SO, LR, IO ->abduct

Front 21

paralysis of the extraoccular muscles will have pt's presenting with what?

Back 21

opthalmoplegia and diplopia

Front 22

the actions of the inferior and superior recti work best when the eye is in what postion? (used to test them)

Back 22

when the eye is pulled laterally

Front 23

the actions of the inferior and superior obliques work best when the eye is in what postion? (used to test them)

Back 23

when the eye is pulled medially

Front 24

what extraoccular muscles work to rotate the eye when laterally flexing the neck?

Back 24

the IR and SR stabilize they eye while the IO and SO pull on the eye

Front 25

what nerves innervate the intraocular eye muscles?

Back 25

the ciliary body and the sphincter pupillae are innervated by parasympathetics from CN III while the dilator pupillae is innervated by sympathetics

Front 26

what is anisocoria?

Back 26

unequal pupil size

Front 27

what are the muscles, and innervations for each, for the elevation of the upper eyelid?

Back 27

the levator palpebrae superioris is innervated by GSE of CN III. The superior tarsal muscle is smooth muscle innervated by sympathetics (why poker players wear sunglasses bc eyelids open)

Front 28

ptosis of which of the muscles for elevation of the upper eyelid is more prominant?

Back 28

the levator palpebrae superioris

Front 29

the extension of the optic nerve into the eye due to say a tumor or other force is called what?

Back 29

papilledema or choked disc

Front 30

1. opthalmic nerve (V1)
2. occulomotor
3. trochlear
4. abducens
5. semilunar ganglia
6. frontal
7. lacrimal
8. supraorbital
9. supratrochlear

Back 30

label

Front 31

1. infratrochlear
2. ant. ethmoidal
3. post. ethmoidal
4. nasociliary
5. sensory from V1 to ciliary ganglion
6. sympathetics to ciliary
7. GSE to ciliary ganglion from oculomotor
8. long ciliary nerves (from V1)
9. short ciliary nerves
10. ciliary ganglion

Back 31

label

Front 32

the sympathetic nerves follow what path from the cord to eventually innervate the intraocullar muscles?

Back 32

up sympathetic chain, synapse in sup cervical ganglion, then jump on arteries (internal carotid in our case) and go through ciliary ganglion to get to eye

Front 33

what path do the parasympathetics take to get to the intraocular muscles?

Back 33

originate from the visceral motor Nu of CN III (edinger westphal) and then synapse at the ciliary ganglion and go to the short ciliary nerves to the eye

Front 34

what is the path of the GVE parasympathetic message to the lacrimal gland to make it cry?

Back 34

originates in superior salvatory nu of CN VII, then branches to the greater petrosal to the nerve of the pterygoid canal to the pterygopalatine ganglion where it synapses and travels to V2 (zygomatic nerve specefically) and then switches to the V1 (lacrimal nerve specefically) which goes to the lacrimal gland.

Front 35

what is the result of occlusion of the opthalmic artery? central retinal artery?

Back 35

opthalmic may not lead to complete vision loss bc of anastomotic connections with branches of the external carotid artery. If the central retinal is occluded, blindness will ensue.