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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oral pathology |
The study of disease in the oral cavity. Only a dentist or physician can diagnose pathologic disease conditions. But it’s important for RDA’s to know what’s normal vs abnormal. |
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Making a diagnosis |
There are 8 different sources you can use. Historical (personal history), Clinical(appearance), radiographic(X-ray), microscopic(sent to lab for biopsy), Lab testing such as urine and blood), therapeutic (treatment to see how it responds), surgical(found in surgery), differential(when two or more possible causes the dentist with pick tests based on needs to get correct diagnosis) |
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Oral Lesions |
Broad term for abnormal tissues in the oral cavity. Can be a wound, sore, or any tissue damage caused by injury or disease |
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Lesions extending below mucosal surface |
Ulcers - break in mucosa. Erosion - shallow injury in the mucosa caused my mechanical trauma such as chewing. Abscess - collection of pus Cyst - fluid filled sac
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Lesions extending above the mucosal surface |
Blisters also known as vesicles - filled with watery fluid Pustule - looks like blister as it contains pus. A hematoma is also similar but contains blood Plaque - any flat area or patch that is slightly raised |
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Lesions even with the mucous surface |
Lie fat or even with surface and are well defined areas with discolouration Bruise (ecchymosis) |
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Raised or flat lesions |
Nodules which may appear below surface or may be slightly elevated are small round solid lesions. Can feel like a pea Another term is granuloma |
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Disease of the oral soft tissue |
Leukoplakia - white patch may occur in any area of the mouth Lichen planus- benign, chronic disease that affects the skin and oral mucosa. White patchy lesions exhibit characteristic pattern of circles and connecting lines called wickhams striae Candidiasis - Yeast like fungus Pseudomembrancous Candidiasis- false membrane or tissue Hyperplastic Candidiasis- normally caused by HIV Atrophic Candidiasis - normally caused by antibiotics Aphrhous Ulcers - also known as canker sores Cellulitis - inflammation is uncontrolled within a localized area and spreads throughout soft tissue or organ |
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Conditions of the tongue |
Gloss iris is a general term that is used to describe inflammaion |
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Conditions of the tounge |
Glossitis - inflammation and changes to the tongue Black hairy tongue - caused by oral flora I’m balance after antibiotics. The filiform papillae become elongated which resembles hairs and gets stained by food and smoking. Geographic tongue - surface of the tongue looses area of filiform papillae in irregularly shaped patterns Fissured tongue - considered a variation of normal and it’s cause is unknown. Has deep fissures and grooves due to trauma or vitamin deficiency. Pernicious anemia - body does not absorb B12 |
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Oral cancer |
Oral cancer is among the top 10 common cancers. |
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Types of oral cancers |
Carcinoma - malignant neoplasm(growth) of the epithelium that tends to invade surrounding bone and connective tissue. These cancers quickly metastasize to other regions of the body usually the lymph nodes. Can occur on lips, tongue, cheeks and floor of mouth. Sarcoma- malignant neoplasm that comes from supportive and connective tissue such as bone. An osteosarcoma is tumour that involves bone Leukaemia - Blood |
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Appearance of early cancef |
White areas, red areas, ulcers, masses, pigmentation |
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Oral cancer warning signs |
Sore that does not heal, lump or swelling, white or rough textured lesions, numbness, dryness, burning, repeated bleeding, difficulty speaking, chewing or swallowing |
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Smokeless Tabacco |
High rates of precancerous leukoplakia and oral cancer occur. |
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Therapy for oral cancer |
Often a combination of surgery, radiation, chemo |
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Dental implications of radiation |
Xerostomia - Dry mouth Radiation Caries - caused by lack of saliva Osteoradionecrosis - decreases blood supply to the bones of the jaw |
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Dental implications of chemo |
Mucositis - inflammatory change in the oral mucosa. The mucosa takes on a white appearance Aphthous ulcers - canker sores Xerostomia- dry mouth Transient reactions - burning/tingling Delayed healing Dental malformation |
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Oral manifestations |
HIV gingivitis HIV periodontitis Cervical Lymphadenopathy Candidiasis Lymphoma |
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Hairy leukoplakia |
Most individuals with this are positive for HIV and can be an early sign of HIV to AIDS. White plaque that is usually found on one side or sometimes on both sides of the lateral borders of the tongue. May spread to entire tongue |
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Kaposi Sarcoma |
Occurs in patients with HIV Appears bluish and blackish and or reddish |
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Developmental Disorders |
Anodontia - absence of single or multiple teeth (imitation) Supernumerary teeth - one or more extra teeth (initiation) Marcodontia - abnormally large or small teeth. (Bud) Dens in dente- enamel organ invaginages into the dental papilla(cap) Germination- tooth germ try’s to divide (cap) Fusion - union of two adjacent tooth germs (cap) Tubercle - extra cusp due to effects on enamel organ (cap) Enamel pearl- Sphere is enamel root (maturation stages) Enamel dysplasia - development of enamel from interference with ameloblasts (maturation) Dentinal dysplasia- development of dentin from interference with odontoblasts(maturation) Concrescence- union of root structure of two or more teeth by cementum. (Maturation) |
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Another word for environmental factors |
Teratogens |
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Disturbances in jaw development |
Macograthia - condition that is characterized by abnormally large jaws. Occurs more often in the mandible. Micrognathia - Small jaw. Occurs mainly in the mandible Exostosis - benign bony growth that projects outward from the surface of the bone Torus palatinus- bony over growth at the midline of the hard palate Torus Mandibular is an overgrowth on the lingual surface of the mandible near the premolar and molar areas |
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Disturbances in palate and tongue development |
Cleft lip Cleft palate Cleft uvula Ankyloglossia- tongue tied |
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Abnormal eruption of teeth |
Premature eruption Ankylosis- deciduous teeth which the bone has fused to cementum and dentin. Prevents exfoliation. Impaction- any tooth that remains in reputed in the jaws beyond the time it should. |
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Bruxism |
Grinding/ clenching |
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Meth mouth (the drug) |
Causes rampant caries on Buccal smooth surfaces of the teeth and the inter proximal surfaces of anterior teeth. Drug related dry mouth, poor oral hygiene, sugar intake increases, causes clinching of jaw |
