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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the axis of respiration?
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Superior transverse axis
as you exhale the base moves forward |
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what is the postural axis?
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middle transverse (S2)
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what is the hip base axis
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inferior transverse S3
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describe forward rotation for the right and left oblique axises
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Right rotation on right oblique axis
Left rotation on left oblique axis remember to use the palm of your hand as the ref point (if you are right oblique axis, and you want to move to the right, you turn your thumb in and your palm goes right) |
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describebackward rotation for the right and left oblique axises
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Right rotation on Left oblique axis
Left rotation on right oblique axis |
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diagnosis of sacral somatic dysfunction is based on evaluation of three components:
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Asymmetry of paired sacral landmarks
Asymmetry of range of motion of sacroiliac joint as evidenced by: Seated flexion test and/or ASIS compression test Backward bending test/Lumbosacral springing test Tissue texture changes In deep fascia and ligaments over SI joints Within the sacrotuberous ligaments Gluteal and peroneal muscles |
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describe sacral torsion
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when the lumbar spine and sacrum rotate in opposite directions (check this)
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when you do a flexion test, what is the positive side?
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the side that stops moving superior last
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what does seated flexion test tell you? (example: positive R seated flexion test)
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tells you the axis of rotation and side of restriction
Positive R seated flexion test ---> if rotation occurs it will be on left oblique axis Also tells you that the Right SI joint is restricted |
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if L5 is sidebent to one side, a sacral oblique axis is typically on what side?
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SAME SIDE
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if L5 is rotated to one side, the sacrum is rotated to what side?
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OPPOSITE
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what does a positive lumbar spring test show?
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Resistance to springing --> sacral extensions (ie LUE) or backward rotation on oblique axis (ie L on R)
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what does a negative lumbar spring test show
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Ease of Springing --> sacral flexions (ie LUF) or forward rotation/torsion (R on R)
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what does a positive backward bending test show
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increased sacral base asymmetry --> sacral extensions (ie LUE) or backward rotation on oblique axis (ie R on L)
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what does a negative backward bending test show
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decreased sacral base asymmetry--> sacral flexions (ie LUF) or forward rotation or torsion (ie L on L)
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you see increased sacral base asymmetry with what?
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sacral extensions or backward torsions
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you see decreased sacral base asymmetry with what
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sacral flexions or forward torsions
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motion testing summary:
what does seated flexion test show ASIS compression test Lumbar Sidebending Lumbar rotation Pos/Neg spring Tests |
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Seated flexion test positive on Right:
What does this tell you? |
Right SI joint is restricted and/or that
the Left Sacral oblique Axis is engaged |
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Right base anterior and Left ILA posterior
What does this tell you? |
Oblique axis engaged (can you get answer here?)
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Negative spring test:
What does this tell you? |
L/S junction can flex, ie forward
rotation |
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L5 rotated right:
What does this tell you? |
Sacral rotation left on oblique
axis |
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What is your diagnosis?
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Left on Left Sacral Torsion
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Seated flexion test positive on left:
What does this tell you? |
Left SI joint is restricted and/or
Right sacral axis |
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Negative backward bending test (findings become less asymmetrical):
What does this tell you? |
L/S can flex (ie forward torsion)
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L5 rotated Left:
What does this tell you? |
Sacral rotation right on oblique axis
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Seated flexion test positive on Right.
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Right sacral margin restricted and/or Left sacral axis engaged
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Right base posterior and Left ILA anterior.
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Oblique axis is engaged
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Positive spring test
What does that tell you? |
L/S junction is extended (can’t flex)--> ie backward torsion
(when you push on the sacrum it doesn't budge) |
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L5 rotated left:
What does that tell you? |
sacral rotation right on
oblique axis |
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what is the parasympathetic innervation of the prostate, genitalia, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum?
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S2-S4
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During inhalation, how does the sacrum move (consider the base, and flex/extension)
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SACRAL BASE POSTERIOR aka sacral extension
(Cranial FLEXION) |
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During exhalation, how does the sacrum move (consider the base, and flex/extension)
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SACRAL BASE ANTERIOR aka sacral flexion
(Cranial EXTENSION) |
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when the cranium is in flexion, what is the sacrum doing?
how bout when the cranium is in extension? |
Cranial Flexion-->:Sacral base extends/ counternutates/posterior
Cranial Extension-->sacral base flexes/nutates/ anterior |
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when the sacrum is rotating forward, how does it move about an oblique axis?
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Right rotation on right oblique axis
Left rotation on left oblique axis |
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when the sacrum is rotating backwards, how does it move about an oblique axis?
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Right rotation on Left oblique axis
Left rotation on right oblique axis |
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what type of rotation of the sacrum occurs during a right heel strike? what way does the lumbar spine bend?
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Left rotation on left axis
Lumbar spine sidebends to the left |
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what type of rotation of the sacrum occurs during a left heel strike? what way does the lumbar spine bend?
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Right rotation on right axis
Lumbar spine sidebends to the right |
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A positive seated flexion test typically indicates the sacral oblique axis is...
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on the opposite side
i.e positive R seated flexion test--> if rotation occurs, it will be on LEFT oblique axis |
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in addition to giving you the rotational axis, what else does a seated flexion test show you?
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which SI joint is restricted
Positive R seated flexion test --> Right SI joint restricted |
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if L5 is sidebent to one side, a sacral oblique axis is typically engaged on what side?
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the same side
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if L5 is rotated, the sacrum rotates in what direction on an oblique axis?
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opposite direction...this is torsion
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this is non-physiological movement when the sacrum and the lumbar spine rotate the same direction....what is the term?
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ROTATION on an oblique axis (not torsion)
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what is a positive spring test?
What does this show you? 2 |
positive test: Resistance to springing
sacral extension or backward torsion backward rotation on oblique axis (i.e. R on L) |
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what is a negative spring test?
What does this show you? 2 |
negative test: ease of springing
sacral flexion or forward torsion Forward rotation on oblique axis (i.e. R on R) |
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what is a positive backward bending test?
What does it show you? |
positive test: increased sacral base asymmetry
sacral extensions or backward torsions backward rotation on oblique axis (i.e. R on L) |
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what is a negative backward bending test?
What does it show you? |
negative test: decreased sacral base asymmetry
sacral flexions or forward torsion Forward rotation on oblique axis (i.e. R on R) |
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when an oblique axis is not involved, what does a negative spring test indicate?
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unilateral or bilateral sacral flexion
note: A positive spring test would indicate unilateral or bilateral sacral extension |
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in a sacral torsion, how will your findings be for the sacral base and the ILA?
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opposite (aka one will be anterior and the other posterior)
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