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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which bacteria can invade intact epithelium?
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Mneumonic Nerd SCHooL: neisseria, shigella, corynebacterium diphtheriae, haemophilus sp., listeria
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Findings of discoform keratitis
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stromal edema, KP, uveitis (no epi findings)
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HEDS & oral acyclovir with HSV keratitis
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not beneficial for resolution. There was improved VA @ > 6mo.
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Growth plates for acanthamoeba
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agar with E. coli or Enterococcus (ameoba's eat bacteria) > blood/chocolate
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Most common cause of bilateral intersticial keratitis?
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congenital syphillis - can occur 10-20 yrs of age
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Tx for OCP
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oral dapsone & steroids
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DDx for filamentous keratitis
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[any dry eye syndrome], prolonged patching
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Stromal dystrophies with recurrent erosion
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Reis-Buckler, Granular, lattice
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Fleck dystrophy
1. Signs and symptoms 2. Associated ocular d/o's |
1. aSx, nonprogressive gray-white coma shaped opacities in stroma
2. Many, but the list includes K-cone, atopy, PXE |
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Initial Tx for alkali injury
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irrigation, debridement, bandage CTL, (no steroids for first 7 days)
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what ventilator adjustment can decrease vitreaous pressure
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hyperventilation
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What color should the storage fluid be for donor coneas
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pink, yellow-orange could indicate microbial contamination
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PKP in children:
1. sizing 2. support 3. f/u 4. suture removal |
1. undersized graft
2. scleral support is crutial (flaccid sclera) 3. frequent postop f/u 4. early removal of sutures (at times 2-4wks postop) |
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Where is the cornea thinnest?
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I/T
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What % of endothelial graft have rejection?
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20-25%
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Posterior polymorphous corneal Dystrophy:
1. inheritance pattern 2. signs 3. laterality 4. Associated eye Dz |
1. Aut dominant
2. cluster of vesicles with surrounding haze, may have iris atrophy, corectopia and I-C adheasions 3. bilateral (asymetric) 4. Glaucoma 10-15% |
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DDx for folicular conjunctivitis (5)
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EKC, HSV, Chlamydia, Mulluscum, topical drugs
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Lowenstein-Jensen agar
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mycobacteria
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Sabouraud's agar
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fungal
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Calcofluor white
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stain that binds to fungi and acanthamoeba
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Blood agar in CO2 at 37*
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Moraxella
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Haemophilus growth plate
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must have Hemin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Chocolate agar will work.
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Natamycin is used with what type of fungus?
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used for filamentous fungi
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Acyclovir dosing
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HZV: 800mg 5x/d x7d
HSV: 400mg 5x/d x5d HEDS - not beneficial in epithelial |
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Famciclovir dosing
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HZV: 500 tid x7d
HSV: 500 bid x5d ?benefit - HEDS |
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valacyclovir dosing
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HZV: 1000 tid x7d
HSV: 500-1000 bid x5d ?benefit - HEDS |
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Megalocornea
1. inheritance 2. associations (5) |
1. X-linked
2. Downs, Marfans, Alports, craniosynostosis, facial hemiatrophy |
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Peter's anomaly:
1. inheritance 2. genetics 3. systemic findings 4. laterality |
1. sporadic
2. PAX6 Chrom11 3. cardiac, craniofacial, skeletal abnormalities 4. Bilateral 80% |
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Name three disorders with blue sclera
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
Turner's syn Hurler's syn (mucopolysaccharidosis type 1) |
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Ocular findings in fetal alcohol syndrome (8)
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epicanthal folds, strabismus, blepharophimosis, long lashes, microphthalmia, telecanthus (not hypertelorism), anterior segment dysgenesis, persistent hyaloid vessel, tortuous retinal vessels, ON hypoplasia
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1. Where is the most flat corneal meridian associated with a limbal dermoid
2. Growth rate of a limbal dermoid |
1. Adjacent to the dermoid
2. slow |
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GPC:
1. CTL association 2. Tx 3. other associations |
1. Typically soft CTL
2. Mast cell stabilizers, corticosteroids, 3. Prosthetic, suture |
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Meds that cause corneal verticillata (6)
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amioderone, chlorpromazine, chloroquine, indomethacin, meperidine, tamoxifen
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Cystinosis
1. inheritance 2. types 3. corneal presentation |
1. Autosomal recessive
2. Infantile (more severe, death by puberty) & adolescent (minimal systemic findings) 3. central deposits in anterior stroma which progress to the entire cornea |
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Identify a beneficial aspect to Kayser-Fleischer rings in Wilson's Dz
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They can be used to monitor Tx
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Spheroidal degeneration:
1. gender and other associated features 2. laterality 3. S/Sx |
1. Males>FM, sun exposure
2. bilateral 3. aSx, protein deposits in superficial stroma |
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Mooren's ulcer
1. S/Sx 2. Path findings 3. types |
1. Severe pain, Conjunctival injection
2. Ig, complement & plasma cells 3. older adults, responds to steroids, perf rare; young black males, rapid progression, poor response to Tx |
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Pellucid marginal degeneration
1. typical age group 2. common demographics 3. laterality |
1. 20-40y/o
2. European & Japanese 3. Bilateral |
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Cong Hereditary stromal dystrophy
1. inheritance 2. s/Sx 3. corneal pattern |
1. aut dominant
2. aSx, feathery opacity of ant stroma, decreased Va. No edema 3. clear periphery |
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4 causes of GPC
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atopic or vernal keratoconj., CTL, prosthetic
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the most common and least informative location for papilla
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sup aspect of the superior tarsus
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Pseudo membrane occurs in which type of kerato conjunctivitis?
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Vernal
OCP Iligneous Stevens-Johnson |
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What is another name for Ziehl-Neelsen Stain
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Acid Fast Stain
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Identify:
1. Molds 2. Yeast 3. Dimorphic fungi |
1. Fusarium, Aspergillus, Mucor (many other)
2. Candida, Cryptococcus 3. Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides |
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Cryptococcus
1. most common manifestation 2. least common manifestation |
1. Endophthalmitis
2. keratitis |
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This virus can worsen xerophthalmia
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measles
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Where do latent herpes 1 virus reside?
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Gasserian (trigeminal) ganglion
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What is an area of PMN's around and area of edema called?
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Wessely's ring
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Topical steroids should be restricted to what timeframe regarding chemical injuries? Why?
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5-10 days. If it is used longer it can increase the risk of corneal melt.
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What is Munnerlyn's formula?
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It predicts the depth (microns) of ablation in PRK.
depth = diopters of myopia/3 x optical zone^2 |
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Describe the program that WHO instituted to reduce trachoma
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SAFE - surgery, antibiotics, face cleaning, environmental improvements
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How many eye cases of chlamydia are there world wide
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150 million
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the most common location of origin for surface neoplasia of the eye is what location?
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limbus
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What is the main histologic difference between adenexal and epibulbar dermoids is what?
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adnexal: cystic
epibulbar: solid |
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"bag of worms" =
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plexiform neurofibroma
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lacrimal gland enlargement and SLK.
Dx? |
Mikulicz syn
- caused by sarcoid |
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HZV of ear and 7th N paralysis.
Dx? prognosis? |
Ramsay-Hunt syndrome
Poor prognosis 10% regain complete fxn. 66% regain partial fxn |
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Name four corneal dystrophies with the same genetics.
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Lattice
Avellino Reis-Buckler Granular LARGe is BIG (BIGH3) |
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Pigmented lesion of bulbar conjunctiva with clear cysts grossly.
Dx? Tx? |
Conjunctival nevus
observe |
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Likelyhood of dystrophy recurrence in K graft?
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Last Graft Made
Lattice > granular > macular |
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Systemic amyloid with masked face, cranial and peripheral palsies.
Dx? |
Meretoja's syndrome
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Inheritance of corneal dystrophies?
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AD
except: Gelatinous drop like, Macular, CHED all AR Lisch X-linked |
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Placement of tissue inside the cornea is called what?
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keratophakia
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Placement of tissue on the surface of the cornea is called what?
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epikeratoplasty
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