Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Layout planning
|
is planning that involves decisions about the physical arrangement of economic activity centers needed by a facility’s various processes.
|
|
Layout plans (layout planning)
|
translate the broader decisions about the competitive priorities, process strategy, quality, and capacity of its processes into actual physical arrangements.
|
|
Economic activity center
|
Anything that consumes space -- a person or a group of people, a customer reception area, a teller window, a machine, a workstation, a department, an aisle, or a storage room.
|
|
Before a manager can make decisions regarding physical arrangement, four questions must be addressed.
|
What centers should the layout include?
How much space and capacity does each center need? How should each center’s space be configured? Where should each center be located? |
|
Relative location
|
The placement of a center relative to other centers
|
|
Absolute location
|
The particular space that the center occupies within the facility
|
|
Flexible-flow layout
|
A layout that organizes resources (employees) and equipment by function rather than by service or product.
|
|
Line-flow layout
|
A layout in which workstations or departments are arranged in a linear path.
|
|
Hybrid layout
|
An arrangement in which some portions of the facility have a flexible-flow and others have a line-flow layout
|
|
Fixed-position layout
|
An arrangement in which service or manufacturing site is fixed in place; employees along with their equipment, come to the site to do their work.
|
|
what kind of layout does a production line has?
|
A production line has a line-flow layout.
|
|
Layout flexibility
|
is the property of a facility to remain desirable after significant changes occur or to be easily and inexpensively adopted in response to changes.
|
|
A One-worker, multiple-machines (OWMM) cell is?
|
a one-person cell in which a worker operates several different machines simultaneously to achieve a line flow.
|
|
what is a Cell
|
two or more dissimilar workstations located close together through which a limited number of parts or models are processed with line flows.
|
|
Group Technology (GT)
|
an option for achieving line-flow layouts with low-volume processes; this technique creates cells not limited to just one worker and has a unique way of selecting work to be done by the cell.
|
|
The GT method
|
The GT method groups parts or products with similar characteristics into families and sets aside groups of machines for their production.
|
|
Closeness matrix
|
A table that gives a measure of the relative importance of each pair of centers being located close together.
|
|
Block plan
|
A plan that allocates space and indicates placement of each department.
|
|
Weighted-distance method
|
A mathematical model used to evaluate flexible-flow layouts based on proximity factors.
|
|
Euclidean distance
|
the straight-line distance, or shortest possible path, between two points.
|
|
Rectilinear distance
|
The distance between two points with a series of 90 degree turns, as along city blocks.
|
|
Automated layout design program (ALDEP):
|
A computer software package that constructs a good layout from scratch, adding one department at a time.
|
|
Computerized relative allocation of facilities technique (CRAFT):
|
A heuristic method that begins with the closeness matrix and an initial block layout, and makes a series of paired exchanges of departments to find a better block plan.
|
|
Line balancing
|
the assignment of work to stations in a line so as to achieve the desired output rate with the smallest number of workstations.
|
|
Work elements
|
the smallest units of work that can be performed independently
|
|
Precedence diagram
|
allows one to visualize immediate predecessors better; work elements are denoted by circles, with the time required to perform the work shown below each circle.
|
|
Desired output rate
|
must be matched to the staffing or production plan.
|
|
Cycle time
|
the maximum time allowed for work on a unit at each station
|
|
Theoretical minimum (TM )
|
benchmark or goal for the smallest number of stations possible, where total time required to assemble each unit (the sum of all work-element standard times) is divided by the cycle time. It must be rounded up
|
|
Idle time
|
the total unproductive time for all stations in the assembly of each unit.
|
|
Efficiency (%)
|
the ratio of productive time to total time.
|
|
Balance Delay
|
the amount by which efficiency falls short of 100%.
|
|
Green Grass, Inc.
Desired output rate, r = 2400/week Plant operates 40 hours/week r = 2400/40 = 60 units/hour |
Theoretical minimum (TM ) - sum of all work-element standard times divided by the cycle time.
TM = 244 seconds/60 seconds = 4.067 It must be rounded up to 5 stations Cycle time: c = 1/60 = 1 minute/unit = 60 seconds/unit Efficiency (%) - ratio of productive time to total time. Efficiency = [244/5(60)]100 = 81.3% Balance Delay - amount by which efficiency falls short of 100%. (100 − 81.3) = 18.7% Cycle time, c = 1/60 = 1 minute/unit = 60 seconds/unit |