Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acrosomal
|
reaction series of biochemical reactions that the sperm uses to break through the zona pellucida |
|
asexual reproduction
|
form of reproduction that produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
|
blastocyst
|
structure formed when cells in the mammalian blastula separate into an inner and outer layer |
|
budding
|
form of asexual reproduction that results from the outgrowth of a part of a cell leading to a separation from the original animal into two individuals |
|
bulbourethral gland
|
secretion that cleanses the urethra prior to ejaculation |
|
clitoris
|
sensory structure in females; stimulated during sexual arousal |
|
cloaca
|
common body opening for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems found in non-mammals, such as birds |
|
contraception
|
various means used to prevent pregnancy; also known as birth control |
|
estrogen
|
reproductive hormone in females that assists in endometrial regrowth, ovulation, and calcium absorption |
|
external fertilization
|
fertilization of egg by sperm outside animal body, often during spawning |
|
fission
|
method by which multicellular organisms increase in size or asexual reproduction in which a unicellular organism splits into two separate organisms by mitosis; also known as binary fission |
|
follicle stimulating hormone
|
reproductive hormone that causes sperm production in men and follicle development in women; also known as FSH |
|
fragmentation
|
cutting or fragmenting of the original animal into parts and the growth of a separate animal from each part |
|
gastrulation
|
process in which the blastula folds over itself to form the three germ layers |
|
gestation
|
length of time for fetal development to birth |
|
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
|
hormone from the hypothalamus that causes the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary; also known as GnRH |
|
hermaphroditism
|
state of having both male and female reproductive parts within the same individual |
|
holoblastic
|
complete cleavage; takes place in cells with a small amount of yolk |
|
human beta chorionic gonadotropin
|
hormone produced by the chorion of the zygote that helps to maintain the corpus luteum and elevated levels of progesterone; also known as β-HCG |
|
infertility
|
inability to conceive, carry, and deliver children |
|
inhibin
|
hormone made by Sertoli cells; provides negative feedback to hypothalamus in control of FSH and GnRH release |
|
inner cell mass
|
inner layer of cells in the blastocyst |
|
internal fertilization
|
fertilization of egg by sperm inside the body of the female |
|
labia majora
|
large folds of tissue covering the inguinal area |
|
labia minora
|
smaller folds of tissue within the labia majora |
|
luteinizing hormone
|
reproductive hormone in both men and women, causes testosterone production in men and ovulation and lactation in women; also known as LH |
|
menopause
|
loss of reproductive capacity in women due to decreased sensitivity of the ovaries to FSH and LH |
|
menstrual cycle
|
cycle of the degradation and re-growth of the endometrium |
|
meroblastic
|
partial cleavage; takes place in cells with a large amount of yolk |
|
morning sickness
|
condition in the mother during the first trimester; includes feelings of nausea |
|
neural tube
|
tube-like structure that forms from the ectoderm and gives rise to the brain and spinal cord |
|
oogenesis
|
process of producing haploid eggs |
|
organogenesis
|
process of organ formation |
|
ovarian cycle
|
cycle of preparation of egg for ovulation and the conversion of the follicle to the corpus luteum |
|
oviduct
|
muscular tube connecting the uterus with the ovary area; also known as fallopian tube |
|
oviparity
|
process by which fertilized eggs are laid outside the female’s body and develop there, receiving nourishment from the yolk that is a part of the egg |
|
ovoviparity
|
process by which fertilized eggs are retained within the female; the embryo obtains its nourishment from the egg’s yolk and the young are fully developed when they are hatched |
|
ovulation
|
release of the egg by the most mature follicle |
|
parthenogenesis
|
form of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into a complete individual without being fertilized |
|
penis
|
male reproductive structure for urine elimination and copulation |
|
placenta
|
organ that supports the diffusion of nutrients and waste between the mother’s and fetus’ blood |
|
polyspermy
|
condition in which one egg is fertilized by multiple sperm |
|
progesterone
|
reproductive hormone in women; assists in endometrial re-growth and inhibition of FSH and LH release |
|
prostate gland
|
structure that is a mixture of smooth muscle and glandular material and that contributes to semen |
|
scrotum
|
sac containing testes; exterior to the body |
|
semen fluid
|
mixture of sperm and supporting materials |
|
seminal vesicle
|
secretory accessory gland in males; contributes to semen |
|
seminiferous tubule
|
site of sperm production in testes |
|
Sertoli cell
|
cell in seminiferous tubules that assists developing sperm and makes inhibin |
|
sexual reproduction
|
mixing of genetic material from two individuals to produce genetically unique offspring |
|
somite
|
group of cells separated by small spaces that form from the mesoderm and give rise to connective tissue |
|
spermatheca
|
specialized sac that stores sperm for later use |
|
testes
|
pair of reproductive organs in males |
|
testosterone
|
reproductive hormone in men that assists in sperm production and promoting secondary sexual characteristics |
|
trophoblast
|
outer layer of cells in the blastocyst |
|
uterus
|
environment for developing embryo and fetus |
|
vagina
|
muscular tube for the passage of menstrual flow, copulation, and birth of offspring |
|
viviparity
|
process in which the young develop within the female, receiving nourishment from the mother’s blood through a placenta |
|
zona pellucida
|
protective layer of glycoproteins on the mammalian egg |
|
spermatogenesis |
process of producing haploid sperm |
|
interstitial cell of Leydig |
cell in seminiferous tubules that makes testosterone |