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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The diencephalon originates from the ____.
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prosencephalon
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What six structures are found in the diencephalon?
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1. thalamus
2. hypothalamus 3. epithalamus 4. optic nerve 5. retina 6. third ventricle |
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The third ventricle receives CSF from the lateral ventricles cia the ____ ____.
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interventricular foramina
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The third ventricle drains CSF via the ____ ____.
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cerebral aqueduct
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The epithalamus consistes of the ____, the ____ ____ and the ____ ____.
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habenula, habenular commissure, pineal gland.
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The limbic lobe contains portions of the ____, ____ and ____ cortex.
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frontal, temporal, parietal
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The anterior commisure is a white matter tract connecting the right and left ____ lobes.
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temporal
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The fornix is comprised mainly of efferent axons from the ____ ____.
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hippocampal formation.
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The fornix has some cholinergic fibers from the ____ ____ projecting back to the hippocampal formation.
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basal forebrain
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Most of the fornix column passes posterior to the anterior commissure to terminate in the ____ ____.
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mammillary body
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What are the two options for precommissural fibers of the fornix?
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1. some project to septal nuclei of the basal forebrain
2. others are cholinergic arising from the septal nuclei and projecting to the hippocampal formation. |
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Name the two thalamic nuclei most closely associated with limbic system function.
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anterior nucleus, mediodorsal nucleus
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The stria medullaris is a fiber bundle projecting from the ____ ____ and ____ to the ____
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FROM septal nuclei and hypothalamus
TO habenula |
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The habenula is a limbic structure that projects to the ____ ____ of the midbrain via the ____ ____.
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TO interpenduncular nuclues
VIA habenulointerpeduncular tract |
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Neurons of the reticular are important for what functions?
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motor and autonomic functions
regulation of arousal and alertness |
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The Pre-Botzinger complex is a major driver of ____ ____.
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respiratory rhythms
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Which thalamic nuclei is involved in mediating emotional aspects of pain?
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MD nucleus
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Which thalamic nuclei is involved in mediating arousal aspects of pain?
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intralaminar nuclei
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The majority of raphe neurons produce what neurotransmitter?
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serotonin
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Describe descending serotonergic diffuse modulatory projections.
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originate in raphe nuclei of medulla and pons
modulate breathing, temperature, motor control (via projections to cerebellum and spinal cord) and pain. |
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Spinomesencephalic fibers of the ALS terminate on neurons in the ____ ____ and mediate what?
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periaqueductal gray
descending modulation of nociception |
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PAG neurons project to NRM neurons, which project to ____ ____ ____ to modulate incoming nociceptive information.
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spinal dorsal horn
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The pontomedullary reticular formation at the level of the facial nucleus contains important centers for ____, ____ ___ ____ and ____ ____.
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respiration, horizontal eye movements, motor control
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Neurons in the paramedian pontine reticular formation relay cortical signals for control of ____ ____ ____ to the abducens nucleus.
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horizontal eye movement
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The caudal pontine reticular nucleus gives rise to the ____ ____ tract.
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pontine reticulospinal
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The pontine reticulospinal tract projects ____ to all levels of spinal cord to innervate lower motor neurons in the ____ ____ ____ of the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
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ipsilaterally
medial motor column |
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The central tegemental tract contains ascending fibers carrying taste information from the ____ ____ ____ to the ____ ____.
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FROM rostral solitary nucleus
TO parabrachial nucleus |
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Locus ceruleus - neurotransmitter?
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norepinephrine
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Locus ceruleus the the source of the noradrenergic diffuse modulatory projection to thalamus and cortex. Why is this important?
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Important for attention, regulation of sleep-wake cycles, mood.
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The parabrachial nuclei project to the amygdala conveying what type of information?
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visceral sensory and taste information -- mediates emotional response to gustatory or altered cardioresp function
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The medial parabrachial Kolliker-Fuse area modulates respiratory rhythms. Bilateral damage at this level can cause ____ ____.
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apneustic breathing
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